Consonant sounds [ŋ] and [h]

[ŋ] and [h]

by Elvira Vedmakova & Marina Lukianova

5 AF

Characteristics of [ŋ]

• According to:

• the degree of noise – sonorant the manner of articulation – occlusive the place of articulation – back-lingual, velar the position of soft palate – nasal
• the degree of noise – sonorant
• the manner of articulation – occlusive
• the place of articulation – back-lingual, velar
• the position of soft palate – nasal

Occurence

It is possible to spot / ŋ / because it’s followed directly by

• like in TA N K;
• like in LO NG ;
• occasionally like in ZI N C.

• / ŋ / doesn’t appear at the beginni ng of words in E n glish

Articulation

When pronouncing the phoneme [ŋ], the back of the tongue closes with the soft palate, as for [g], but the soft palate is lowered during articulation of [ŋ], and the air passes through the nasal cavity.

Comparison with Russian [н]

• When pronouncing the Russian sound [ н ], the tongue rests against the alveolar ridge. When pronouncing [ ŋ ], the tongue rests against the base of the lower teeth, the soft palate is lowered and air passes through the nasal cavity.

• Possible mistakes:

• After the sound [ŋ] there is a sound [g]; [ŋ] is replaced by the sound [n].
• After the sound [ŋ] there is a sound [g];
• [ŋ] is replaced by the sound [n].

Tongue twisters

• The ringing, swinging, singing singers sang winning songs.

[ðə ˈrɪŋɪŋ swɪŋɪŋ ˈsɪŋɪŋ ˈsɪŋəz sæŋ ˈwɪnɪŋ sɒŋz]

• Sing the jingle in Wyoming.

[sɪŋ ðə ˈdʒɪŋɡ(ə)l ɪn waɪˈəʊmɪŋ]

3. The king’s ring fell under the swing.

[ðə kɪŋz rɪŋ fel ˈʌndə ðə swɪŋ]

4. Don’t hang the ring thing next to the wrong thing.

[dəʊnt hæŋ ðə rɪŋ θɪŋ nekst tuː ðə rɒŋ θɪŋ]

5. Wings are things with strings that sing.

[wɪŋz ɑː ˈθɪŋz wɪð strɪŋz ðæt sɪŋ]

“ Night is Ended” by Joe Wallace

March in mighty millions pouring,

mɑːʧ ɪn ˈmaɪti ˈmɪljənz ˈpɔːrɪŋ,

Forges flaring, cannon roaring,

ˈfɔːʤɪz ˈfleərɪŋ, ˈkænən ˈrɔːrɪŋ,

Life and Death in final warring

laɪf ənd dɛθ ɪn ˈfaɪnl ˈwɔːrɪŋ

Call you, Workingmen!

kɔːl juː, ˈwɜːkɪŋmɛn!

At your benches planning, speeding,

ət jə ˈbɛnʧɪz ˈplænɪŋ, ˈspiːdɪŋ,

In the trenches battling, bleeding,

ɪn ðə ˈtrɛnʧɪz ˈbætlɪŋ, ˈbliːdɪŋ,

Yours the help the world is needing,

jɔːz ðə hɛlp ðə wɜːld z ˈniːdɪŋ,

Answer, Workingmen!

ˈɑːnsə, Workingmɛn!

Idiomatic expressions

1. Aching heart – [ˈeɪkɪŋ hɑːt]

• the feeling of pain because of love
• the feeling of pain because of love

2. Age out of something – [eɪʤ aʊt əv ˈsʌmθɪŋ]

• to reach an age at which one is no longer eligible for the system of care designed to provide services, such as education or protection, for people below a certain age level
• to reach an age at which one is no longer eligible for the system of care designed to provide services, such as education or protection, for people below a certain age level

3. Alive and kicking – [əˈlaɪv ənd ˈkɪkɪŋ]

• to continue to be well, healthy or successful
• to continue to be well, healthy or successful

4. Along the lines – [əˈlɒŋ ðə laɪnz]

• in a general direction or manner
• in a general direction or manner

5. Always chasing rainbows – [ˈɔːlweɪz ˈʧeɪsɪŋ ˈreɪnbəʊz]

• to try to do something that you will never achieve
• to try to do something that you will never achieve

Academic text

[ˈsɪŋɪŋ z ði ˈæktɪŋ əv prəˈdjuːsɪŋ ˈmjuːzɪkəl saʊndz wɪð ðə vɔɪs. ə ˈpɜːsn huː sɪŋz ɪz kɔːld ə ˈsɪŋər ɔː ˈvəʊkəlɪst. ˈsɪŋəz pəˈfɔːm sɒŋz ðət kən bi sʌŋ wɪð ɔː wɪˈðaʊt əˈkʌmpənɪmənt baɪ mju(ː)ˈzɪʃənz ˈpleɪɪŋ ˈmjuːzɪkəl ˈɪnstrʊmənts. ˈsɪŋɪŋ z ˈɒf(ə)n dʌn ɪn ən ɑːnˈsɑːmbl əv mju(ː)ˈzɪʃənz, sʌʧ əz ə ˈkwaɪər əv ˈsɪŋəz ɔːr ə bænd əv ˌɪnstrʊˈmɛntəlɪsts. ˈsɪŋəz meɪ pəˈfɔːm əz ˈsəʊləʊɪsts ɔːr əˈkʌmpənid baɪ ˈɛnɪθɪŋ frəm ə ˈsɪŋgl ˈɪnstrʊmənt ʌp tʊ ə ˈsɪmfəni ˈɔːkɪstrə ɔː bɪg bænd ]

Singing is the acting of producing musical sounds with the voice. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist. Singers perform songs that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musicians playing musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists. Singers may perform as soloists or accompanied by anything from a single instrument up to a symphony orchestra or big band.

Characteristics of [h]

• According to:

• the degree of noise –noise consonant the manner of articulation – constrictive the place of articulation – glottal the position of soft palate – oral   the work of the vocal cords - voiceless the force of articulation - strong
• the degree of noise –noise consonant
• the manner of articulation – constrictive
• the place of articulation – glottal
• the position of soft palate – oral
•   the work of the vocal cords - voiceless
• the force of articulation - strong

Occurence

Occurs at the beginning and middle of a word only before a vowel and does not occur at the end of a word

• h ow / h aʊ/, per h aps /pəˈ h æps/

In a few words it is spelled ‘ wh ’ as in

• wh ole / h əʊl/, wh o / h uː/

Articulation

• The tongue does not rise, the lips are slightly parted. Sound is produced by the vocal cords, but they should not vibrate. They are open, but close enough together that air passing between them creates friction noise.

• Articulation changes depending on which vowel follows the sound. So in the word Hard tongue, lips, soft palate and pharynx are in the position necessary for pronunciation [a:]. In the word heat, all organs of speech occupy the position necessary for the articulation [i:]. The same applies to other vowel sounds.

Comparison with Russian [х]

• In Russian, the sound [x] is clear and distinct, English [h] is rather a light exhalation, it should not actually be heard.
• Replacing the English sound [h] with Russian [x] does not affect the meaning of the words, but gives the speech a strong Russian accent.

Tongue twisters

1. Good Heaven! Harry has done his whole homework at home by himself.

[gʊd ˈhɛvn! ˈhæri hæz dʌn hɪz həʊl ˈhəʊmˌwɜːk æt həʊm baɪ hɪmˈsɛlf.]

2. Harry the hungry, hungry hippo is happily eating ham in his house.

[ˈhæri ðə ˈhʌŋgri, ˈhʌŋgri ˈhɪpəʊ ɪz ˈhæpɪli ˈiːtɪŋ hæm ɪn hɪz haʊs.]

3. Harry Hunt hunts heavy hairy hares.

Does Harry Hunt hunt heavy hairy hares?

If Harry Hunt hunts heavy hairy hares,

Where are the heavy hairy hares Harry Hunt hunts?

[ˈhæri hʌnt hʌnts ˈhɛvi ˈheəri heəz. dʌz ˈhæri hʌnt hʌnt ˈhɛvi ˈheəri heəz? ɪf ˈhæri hʌnt hʌnts ˈhɛvi ˈheəri heəz, weər ɑː ðə ˈhɛvi ˈheəri heəz ˈhæri hʌnt hʌnts?]

Poem

Have you seen the heart bear,

The heart bear, the heart bear?

She has hearts everywhere!

She has hearts on her tables and chairs,

Tables and chairs, tables and chairs

She has hearts on her clothes and hair,

she has hearts on her tables and chairs,

Clothes and hair, clothes and hair

She has hearts everywhere!

She has hearts on her clothes and hair,

[hæv juː siːn ðə hɑːt beə, ðə hɑːt beə, ðə hɑːt beə? ʃiː hæz hɑːts ˈɛvrɪweə! ʃiː hæz hɑːts ɒn hɜː kləʊðz ænd heə, kləʊðz ænd heə, kləʊðz ænd heə ʃiː hæz hɑːts ɒn hɜː kləʊðz ænd heə, ʃiː hæz hɑːts ˈɛvrɪweə! ʃiː hæz hɑːts ɒn hɜː ˈteɪblz ænd ʧeəz, ˈteɪblz ænd ʧeəz, ˈteɪblz ænd ʧeəz ʃiː hæz hɑːts ɒn hɜː ˈteɪblz ænd ʧeəz, ʃiː hæz hɑːts ˈɛvrɪweə!]

She has hearts everywhere!

Idiomatic expressions

1.   A bad hair day. [ə bæd heə deɪ]

- A day on which everything seems to go wrong .

2. Head over heels. [hɛd ˈəʊvə hiːlz]

  - Very excited, especially when in love.

3. High on the hog . [haɪ ɒn ðə hɒg]  

- Luxurious.

4. Hold your horses.  [həʊld jɔː ˈhɔːsɪz]

- Be patient.

5. In the heat of the moment. [ɪn ðə hiːt ɒv ðə ˈməʊmənt]

- In an overwhelming situation, causing you to act rashly.

Academic text

The hippopotamus , also called the hippo is a large semiaquatic mammal and ungulate which is mostly herbivorous and native to sub-Saharan Africa. Its name comes from the ancient Greek for "river horse "

After the elephant and rhinoceros, the hippopotamus is the third-largest land mammal and is the heaviest extant land artiodactyl.

[ðə ˌhɪpəˈpɒtəməs, ˈɔːlsəʊ kɔːld ðə ˈhɪpəʊ ɪz ə lɑːʤ semiaquatic ˈmæməl ænd ˈʌŋgjʊleɪt wɪʧ ɪz ˈməʊstli hɜːˈbɪvərəs ænd ˈneɪtɪv tuː sʌb-səˈhɑːrən ˈæfrɪkə. ɪts neɪm kʌmz frɒm ði ˈeɪnʃ(ə)nt griːk fɔː "ˈrɪvə hɔːs"

Hippos inhabit rivers, lakes, and mangrove swamps. While hippos rest near each other in the water, grazing is a solitary activity and hippos typically do not display territorial behaviour on land.

ˈɑːftə ði ˈɛlɪfənt ænd raɪˈnɒsərəs, ðə ˌhɪpəˈpɒtəməs ɪz ðə θɜːd-ˈlɑːʤɪst lænd ˈmæməl ænd ɪz ðə ˈhɛvɪɪst ɛksˈtænt lænd artiodactyl.

ˈhɪpəʊz ɪnˈhæbɪt ˈrɪvəz, leɪks, ænd ˈmæŋgrəʊv swɒmps. waɪl ˈhɪpəʊz rɛst nɪər iːʧ ˈʌðər ɪn ðə ˈwɔːtə, ˈgreɪzɪŋ ɪz ə ˈsɒlɪtəri ækˈtɪvɪti ænd ˈhɪpəʊz ˈtɪpɪk(ə)li duː nɒt dɪsˈpleɪ ˌtɛrɪˈtɔːrɪəl bɪˈheɪvjər ɒn lænd.]

Thank you for your attention!