Научная работа учащихся 10 класса на английском языке

The ministry of science and education of the russian federation

Theme : Pisa Cathedral and the leaning tower of Pisa as an integral part of Italian culture

Fulfilled by: Vasileva Anastasia, the student of

The 10 th grade secondary school № 23

Checked by: Rasulova N.A., the English

teacher

The Pisa Cathedral

The Pisa Cathedral is one of the four architectural masterpieces, the ensemble of the world-famous square in Pisa – Piazza dei Miracoli (Square of Miracles).

Historical information

• The Pisa Cathedral, also known as the Cathedral of Pisa's construction began in 1063. The initiator of this event was Archbishop of Pisa, Buscheto di Giovanni Giudice.

Historical information

During the construction of this architectural masterpiece Pisa attributed to the reputation of a strong naval power, so historians do not exclude that these effects and trends of various styles and cultures was brought to the city by various seafarers and travelers.Duomo di Pisa was built in honor of the assumption of St. Mary. Work on its construction was carried out on funds that were going at that time, the city in the form of tribute from the Balearic Islands.

Why you should visit the Duomo di Piza

The Pisa Cathedral is one of the most important tourist sites and attraction in not only Pisa, but all Italy.

Why you should visit the Duomo di Piza

Inside it is a marble like black and white. The most impressive elements of the interior is its massive nave, and a beautiful side chapel. The nave of the Duomo di Pisa is surrounded by granite Corinthian columns. They were captured by pisacane and brought into the town in 1063

Works of art

One of the most important and unique works, who managed to escape during a fire, is the mosaic in the apse. This mosaic depicts Christ surrounded by the virgin and St. John the Evangelist. The most impressive work of art is the pulpit, decorated with intricate carvings.

Works of art

The Department, which is the creation of Giovanni Pisano, also was a fire in the 16th century and today, much appreciated. The Department is supported by simple columns and columns in the form of sculptures of human bodies. The upper part of the chair contains reliefs

depicting dramatic scenes from

the New Testament.

The history of the construction of the leaning tower of Pisa

Since the construction The leaning Tower became almost the symbol of the city. Its construction was started in August 1173. Finally the bell tower was finished in 1370. Who was the author of the original draft is not known. However, historical records suggest that it could be Bonanno Pisano (Bonanno Pisano). Almost immediately after the construction of the ground floor colonnade with a height of 11 meters, the building began leaning in.

Architectural features

Romano-style leaning tower of Pisa impresses all with its elegance and beauty. Its height is eight storeys after construction was 58 meters 36 centimeters. Round tower made of stone and marble, is admired for its immense size, delicacy, and feeling the "drop effect".The building is crowned by a belfry, cut arches for seven bells.

Architectural features

Inside the leaning tower of Pisa is a huge open hall, decorated with bas-reliefs with images of fantastic animals. The staircase in the tower leads to the observation deck. In the ceiling of the hall through the hole during a night visit can see the stars.

The Experiments Of Galileo

It is known that the great scientist and physicist, Galileo dropped from the top of the bell tower down objects of various weight and volume with the aim to prove his theory that body weight is falling down, does not affect the rate of fall. The whole architectural complex, which includes the leaning tower of Pisa, UNESCO in 1986 was awarded the status of world heritage site.

Salvation tower

After the construction of the leaning tower of Pisa, before the city authorities have faced a

new problem: how

not to let her fall? This has even been declared a special contest among scientists, architects and ordinary citizens, who have taken ideas to save the tower. In the late 20th century enormous efforts of scientists yielded results. As a result of subsidence of the tower after the preparatory work on the North side the slope was reduced by approximately 50 centimeters, rejuvenate tower a couple of hundred years.

On today, the pride of Pisa is almost in stable condition.

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