Сборник текстов по английскому языку с тестовыми заданиями

Министерство общего и профессионального образования Ростовской области государственное бюджетное профессиональное образовательное учреждение

Ростовской области

«Красносулинский колледж промышленных технологий»

Сборник текстов по английскому языку с тестовыми заданиями

для специальностей

15.02.01«Монтаж и техническая эксплуатация промышленного оборудования (по отраслям)»

1502.01 «Installation and technical maintenance of industrial equipment (on branches)»

08.02.09 «Монтаж, наладка и эксплуатация электрооборудования промышленных и гражданских зданий»

08.02.09 «Installation, commissioning and operation of an electric equipment of industrial and civil buildings»

08.02.01 «Строительство и эксплуатация зданий и сооружений»

08.02.01 «Construction and operation of buildings and structures»

2017

Одобрена на заседании Утверждаю

предметно-цикловой комиссии Заместитель директора по УР

общеобразовательных Малофеева С.А. _________

дисциплин «_____»_________

протокол №_____от______2017г.

Председатель ПЦК_____ Голова О.И.

Составитель:

Билан Л. И.

преподаватели иностранного языка

Рецензенты:

Уроженко Л.В.

преподаватель высшей категории МБОУ Лицей № 7

Ковалева О.А. старший методист

ГБПОУ РО «Красносулинский колледж промышленных технологий»

Данный сборник представляют собой учебный материал проверочного и

обучающего характера и предназначен для обучающихся средних

специальных заведений. Данный сборник ставит своей целью научить

студентов читать технические профильные тексты, включает задания

на понимание технических текстов и лексического минимума

общетехнической лексики.

Введение

В основу данного сборника положен принцип профессиональной направленности и языковой компетенции.

Цель сборника - научить обучающихся читать технические тексты, близкие к их будущей специальности.

В основном тексты подобраны так, что они знакомят обучающихся с тематикой их будущей профессии.

Сборник состоит из трёх разделов. Первый раздел включает в себя технические тексты и задания к ним для специальности 15.02.01«Монтаж и техническая эксплуатация промышленного оборудования (по отраслям).

Второй раздел включает в себя технические тексты и задания к ним для специальности 08.02.09 «Монтаж, наладка и эксплуатация электрооборудования промышленных и гражданских зданий ».

Третий раздел включает в себя технические тексты и задания к ним для специальности 08.02.01«Строительство и эксплуатация зданий и сооружений».

В конце раздела даны соответствующие ключи для проверки правильности ответов.

Содержание

Введение……………………………………………………………….3

Раздел 1………………………………………………………………...5

Раздел 2………………………………………………………………..13

Раздел 3………………………………………………………………..23

Основные источники 31

РАЗДЕЛ 1

TEXT №1

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MACHINE-TOOLS

Machine-tools are used to shape metals and other materials. The material to be shaped is called the workpiece. Most machine-tools are now electrically driven. Machine-tools with electrical drive are faster and more accurate than hand tools: they were an important element in the development of mass-production processes, as they allowed individual parts to be made in large numbers so as to be interchangeable.

All machine-tools have facilities for holding both the workpiece and the tool, and for accurately controlling the movement of the cutting tool relative to the workpiece. Most machining operations generate large amounts of heat, and use cooling fluids (usually a mixture of water and oils) for cooling and lubrication.

Machine-tools usually work materials mechanically but other machining methods have been developed lately. They include chemical machining, spark erosion to machine very hard materials to any shape by means of a continuous high-voltage spark (discharge) between an electrode and a workpiece. Other machining methods include drilling using ultrasound, and cutting by means of a laser beam. Numerical control of machine-tools and flexible manufacturing systems have made it possible for complete systems of machine-tools to be used flexibly for the manufacture of a range of products.

Пояснения к тексту:

facilities - услуги

cooling fluids - охлаждающие жидкости

interchangeable - сменный

chemical machining- химическая обработка

1. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопрос и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

1. What are machine-tools used for?

2. How are most machine-tools driven nowadays?

3. What facilities have all machine-tools?

4. How are the cutting tool and the workpiece cooled during machining?

5. What other machining methods have been developed lately?

А) Оther machining methods have been developed lately. They include chemical machining, spark erosion to machine very hard materials to any shape by means of a continuous high-voltage spark (discharge) between an electrode and a workpiece

Б) Machine-tools are used to shape metals and other materials

В) Most machining operations generate large amounts of heat, and use cooling fluids (usually a mixture of water and oils) for cooling and lubrication.

Г) Most machine-tools are now electrically driven

Д) All machine-tools have facilities for holding both the workpiece and the tool, and for accurately controlling the movement of the cutting tool relative to the workpiece

2. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующие варианты

1. Machine-tools are…

А) now electrically driven

В) an important element

С) used to shape metals and other materials

2. The material to be shaped is…

А) allowed individual parts

В) called the workpiece

С) usually work materials mechanically

3. Other machining methods include…

А) drilling using ultrasound, and cutting by means of a laser beam.

В) chemical machining, spark erosion to machine very hard materials

to any shape by means of a continuous high-voltage

С) facilities for holding both the workpiece

3. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов

1.electrically driven	А). обрабатываемый материал
2. The material to be shaped	Б). электропривод
3. high-voltage spark	С). более точный
4.more accurate	Д). процесс массового производства
5.of mass-production processes	Е). высоковольтный разряд

Ответы к заданиям:

1. 1. Б), 2. Г), 3. Д), 4. В), 5. А)

2. 1. С), 2. Б), 3. А),

3. 1. В), 2. А) 3. Е), 4. С) 5. Д), 3. Е)

TEXT №2

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LATHE

Lathe is still the most important machine-tool. It produces parts of circular cross-section by turning the workpiece on its axis and cutting its surface with a sharp stationary tool. The tool may be moved sideways to produce a cylindrical part and moved towards the workpiece to control the depth of cut. Nowadays all lathes are power-driven by electric motors. That allows continuous rotation of the workpiece at a variety of speeds. The modern lathe is driven by means of a headstock supporting a hollow spindle on accurate bearings and carrying or a faceplate either a chuck, to which the workpiece is clamped. The movement of the tool, both along the lathe bed and at right angle to it, can be accurately controlled, so enabling a part to be machined to close tolerances. Modern lathes are often under numerical control.

Пояснения к тексту:

circular cross-section – круглое сечение

a cylindrical part – цилиндрическая часть

continuous rotation - непрерывное вращение

1. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопрос и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

1. What parts can be made with lathes?

2. How can the cutting tool be moved on a lathe?

3. How is the workpiece clamped in a lathe?

4. Can we change the speeds of workpiece rotation in a lathe?

5. What is numerical control of machine tools used for?

А) The tool may be moved sideways

Б) It produces parts of circular cross-section

В) Driven by electric motors allows continuous rotation of the workpiece at a variety of speeds

Г) А faceplate either a chuck, to which the workpiece is clamped.

Д) Сan be accurately controlled, so enabling a part to be machined to close tolerances.

2. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующие варианты

1. Lathe is…

А) driven by means

Б) often under numerical control

С) the most important machine-tool

2. It produces…

А) parts of circular cross-section

Б) The movement of the tool

С) The tool may be moved sideways

3. Modern lathes are…

А) the most important machine-tool

Б) often under numerical control

С) driven by means of a headstock

3. Найдите в правой колонке русский эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний

1. the depth of cut	А. поворачивать деталь вокруг ее оси
2. circular cross-section	Б. современный токарный станок
3. Modern lathe	С. цифровое управление
4. numerical control	Д. глубина резания
5. turning the workpiece on its axis	Е. детали круглого сечения

Ответы к заданиям: 1. 1.Б); 2.А); 3.Г); 4.В); 5.Д); 2. 1.С); 2.А); 3.Б):

3. 1.Д; 2.Е; 3.В; 4.С; 5.А

TEXT №3

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METHODS ОF STEEL HEAT TREATMENT

Quenching is in a heat treatment when metal at a high temperature is rapidly cooled by immersion water or oil. Quenching makes steel harder and more brittle, with small grains structure.

Tempering is a heat treatment applied to steel and certain alloys. Hardened steel after quenching from a high temperature is too hard and brittle for many applications and is also brittle. Tempering, that is re-heating to an intermediate temperature and cooling slowly, reduces this hardness and brittleness. Tempering temperatures depend on the composition of the steel but are frequently between 100 and 650 °C. Higher temperatures usually give a softer, tougher product. The colour of the oxide film produced on the surface of the heated metal often serves as the indicator of its temperature.

Annealing is a heat treatment in which a material at high temperature is cooled slowly. After cooling the metal again becomes malleable and ductile (capable of being bent many times without cracking).

All these methods of steel heat treatment are used to obtain steels with certain mechanical properties for certain needs. •

Пояснения к тексту:

annealing - обжигание •

steel heat treatment - стальная термическая обработка

ductile - гибкий

1. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопрос и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

What can be done to obtain harder steel?

А) Tempering is a heat treatment applied to steel and certain alloy

Б) Quenching makes steel harder and more brittle, with small grains structure

В) Higher temperatures usually give a softer, tougher product

What makes steel more soft and tough?

А) Higher temperatures usually give a softer, tougher product

Б) Quenching makes steel harder and more brittle, with small grains structure

В). Annealing is a heat treatment in which a material at high temperature is cooled slowly

What makes steel more malleable and ductile?

А) Annealing is a heat treatment in which a material at high temperature is cooled slowly

Б) Higher temperatures usually give a softer, tougher productс)

В) Quenching makes steel harder and more brittle, with small grains structure

What can serve as the indicator of metal temperature while heating it?

А) Tempering is a heat treatment applied to steel and certain alloys

Б) . Hardened steel after quenching from a high temperature is too hard and brittle for many applications and is also brittle

В) The colour of the oxide film produced on the surface of the heated metal often serves as the indicator of its temperature.

What are the methods of steel heat treatment used for?

А) All these methods of steel heat treatment are used to obtain steels with certain mechanical properties for certain needs. •

Б) Annealing is a heat treatment in which a material at high temperature is cooled slowly

В) Higher temperatures usually give a softer, tougher product

2. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующие варианты

Quenching is…

А) rapidly cooled by immersion

Б) a heat treatment when metal at a high temperature is rapidly cooled by immersion in water or oil.

С) a heat treatment in which a material at high temperature is cooled slowly

Tempering is…

А) a heat treatment in which a material at high temperature is cooled slowly

Б) re-heating to an intermediate temperature and cooling slowly, reduces this hardness and brittleness.

В) a heat treatment applied to steel and certain alloys

Annealing is…

А) too hard and brittle for many applications and is also brittle

Б) a heat treatment in which a material at high temperature is cooled slowly

В) rapidly cooled by immersion water or oil.

3.Найдите в правой колонке русский эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний

1. высокая температура	А. small grains structure
2. индикатор температуры	Б. cooling
3 .охлаждение	С high temperature
4.мелкозернистая структура	Д. indicator of temperature.
5. обработка	Е. treatment

Ответы к заданиям: 1. 1. Б), 2. А), 3. А), 4. В), 5. А); 2.1.Б), 2. В), 3. Б);

3. 1. С) 2. Д), 3.Б), 4. А), 5. Е).

TEXT №4

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AUTOMATION

The Industrial Revolution effectively released man from being a beast of burden; the computer revolution will similarly release man from a dull, repetative routine...

The growing importance of automatic equipment and processing in industry and business is attaching world-wide attention. What is automation?

Historically the word was coined as a nickname of what in engineers' jargon is termed "transfer machining". The use of the word has spread to cover a situation in which four independent components each play their part. Each of these components is important in its own rights but in the field of automation each becomes on occasion more powerful in the presence of the others.

They are:

1) Transfer machining.

Automatic assembly.

Communication engineering.

Control engineering.

These four components have been linked together into a single process called "automation".

In the first two, human muscles are replaced by machines, while in the last two human nerves and brain are replaced by machines.

No doubt that where "automation" is further advanced, the intelligent use of leisure is growing.

Automatic Assembly

Such an operation as the fitting of the cathode ray tube or amplifier into the cabinet would seem to present difficulties. Again, to return to the motor industry, one can without too much difficulty visualize the automatic assembly of internal combustion engines for automobiles.

How far its use will spread it is difficult to say, but it is to be expected that, as its possibilities are opened up, circuit components will be redesigned in order to make more extended use of the technique, with the result that more sub-assemblies will be made automatically.

Пояснения к тексту:

transfer machining –пройти механическую обработку

on occasion – при случае

circuit components – схемные компоненты

1. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопрос и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

1. What are the main four parts of automation?

2. What is automation?

3 Was the word historically coined as a nickname of what in engineers' jargon is termed "transfer machining"?

А) Transfer machining, automatic assembly, communication engineering, control engineering

В) Transfer machining, automatic assembly, communication engineering, control engineering have been linked together into a single process called "automation"

С) Historically the word was coined as a nickname of what in engineers' jargon is termed "transfer machining".

2. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующие варианты:

1. The Industrial Revolution effectively released…

А) the automatic assembly of internal combustion engines for automobiles

В) man from being a beast of burden

С) by machines.

2. The growing importance of automatic equipment is…

А) attaching world-wide attention

В) to be expected that, as its possibilities are opened up

С) further advanced, the intelligent use of leisure is growing

3. Such an operation as the fitting of the cathode…

А) cover a situation in which four independent components each play their part.

В) linked together into a single process called "automation

С) ray tube or amplifier into the cabinet would seem to present difficulties.

3. Найдите в правой колонке русский эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний

1. communication engineering	А. техника связи
2. automatic equipment	Б. в области автоматики
3. transfer machining	С.автоматическая сборка
4. in the field of automation	Д. поточная обработки деталей.
5. аutomatic assembly	Е. автоматическое устройство

Ответы к заданиям: 1. 1.С), 2.А), 3. В), 4.D), 5 E); 2.1. В), 2. А), 3.С); 3 .1.А), 2. Е), 3.Д), 4.Б), 5.С)

Раздел II

TEXT №1

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SEMI-CONDUCTOR AND TRANSISTOR

Semi-conductor. Electrical conductors characterized by the fact that its resistance decreases with rise hi temperature and the presence of impurities, in contrast to the normal metallic conductor for which the reverse is true. Examples include graphite, silicon, and the thermistor.

Transistor. A device which may be used to amplify currents and perform other functions usually performed by the thermionic valve. Consists essentially of a small block of germanium or silicon which are semiconductors with two closely spaced metallic point electrodes (termed the emitter and the collector electrodes) on the upper surface, and a plane electrode of large area (the base electrode) on the opposite surface. The emitter is maintained at a positive potential, and the collector, at a larger negative potential, with respect to the base. The signal to be amplified is introduced into the emitter circuit and the amplified signal appears in the collector circuit.

Пояснения к тексту:

resistance decreases – уменьшение сопротивления

thermionic valve - термоэлектронный клапан

the base electrode - базовый электрод

1. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

1. What do electrical conductors characterize by?

2. What may a device be used for?

3. What is the emitter maintained with?

А) a positive potential

В) to amplify currents and perform other functions

usually performed by the thermionic valve

С) the fact that its resistance decreases with rise hi temperature

2.Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующие варианты

1. The emitter is…

А) in the collector circuit.

В) at a positive potential

С) of a small block of germanium

2. The signal to be amplified is…

a)introduced into the emitter circuit

b) maintained at a positive potential

c) used to amplify currents

3. A device which may be used…

А) at a larger negative potential, with respect to the base.

В) in contrast to the normal metallic conductor

С) to amplify currents and perform other functions usually performed by the thermionic valve.

3.Найдите в правой колонке русский эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний

1 positive potential	A. усиливать ток
2 a negative potential	Б. электрические проводники
3. to perform functions	С. отрицательный потенциал
4. t amplify currents	Д. выполнять функции
5. electrical conductors	Е. положительный потенциал

Ответы к заданиям:

1. С); 2. В); 3. А)2. 1. В); 2. А); 3. С);3. 1. E); 2.C); 3Д); 4. А); 5. Б).

TEXT №2

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LAWS OF REFLECTION

1. Light travels in straight lines. This is proved by the formation of sharp shadows and the action of the pin-hole camera. Eclipses are caused by shadows cast by the moon, the earth, etc. When an extended source is used a shadow consists of umbra and penumbra.

2. Laws of Reflection. 1) The incident ray, the normal, and the reflected ray are in the same plane.

The angle of reflection is equal to the angle of Incidence. The image in a plane mirror is as far behind the mirror as the object is in front. It is laterally inverted.

3. Laws of Refraction. On passing from one medium to another light is bent or refracted. If it passes from a rarer to a denser medium (e. g., from air to glass or to water) it is bent towards the normal.

When light passes from one medium to another, the incident ray, the normal to the surface of the point of incidence, and the refracted ray are all in the same plane.

When a ray of light, passes from one medium to another, the sine of the angle of incidence bears a constant ratio to the sine of the angle of refraction. The ratio is called the refractive index from one medium to another, When a ray of light passes from a denser to a rarer medium it is totally internally reflected if it makes an angle greater than the critical angle C.

The phenomenon is exemplified in totally reflecting prisms. Refraction occurs in the atmosphere giving rise to phenomena such as the mirage.

Пояснения к тексту:

the angle of Incidence – угол падения

a denser medium-плотное средство

refraction - преломление

reflecting prisms - отражение призм

1. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

1. What does a shadow consist of, when an extended source is used?

2. Where are incident ray, the normal, and the reflected ray?

3. What happens when light passes from one medium to another?

А) a shadow consists of umbra and penumbra.

В) the refracted ray are all in the same plane.

С) in the same plane.

2.Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующие варианты

1. Light travels…

А) action of the pin-hole camera

В) in straight lines

С) equal to the angle of Incidence

2. The angle of reflection is…

А) from one medium to another

В) called the refractive index

с) equal to the angle of Incidence.

3. The image in a plane mirror…

А) a ray of light

В) as far behind the mirror as the object is in front

С) exemplified in totally reflecting prisms

3.Найдите в правой колонке русский эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний

1. the normal ray	А. из одной среды в другую
2. the reflected ray	Б. тень и полутень
3. one medium to another	С. луч света
4. umbra and penumbra	Д. нормальный луч
5. a ray of light	Е. отраженный луч

Ответы к заданиям:

1. 1.А); 2.С); 3.В); 2. 1.В); 2.С); 3.В) 3. 1.Д); 2.Е);3.А); 4.Б);5.С)

TEXT №3

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MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

1. These apparatus serve for measuring class accuracy of voltage transformers according to standard and operate on the Schering-Alberti principle. It permits the ascertainment of voltage errors and phase angles arising in the object under test with the conversion of the measuring value.

2. The following types are available:

Type	Measuring range standard values		Power input	Weight of measuring table net, kg
	primary, kV	secondary, V
WMU2.5	30		2.5	240
WMU 7.5/1 10	110	100V3	7.5	225
WMU 10/220	220	100	10	225

3. Error reading accuracy: phase angle 0.1 min, voltage error one scale division = 0.02%.

Mains supply: 220 V, 50 c. p. s., single-phase.

Method of operation: continuous operation.

Dimensions of the measuring table: 1600 x 900 x 1120 mm.

4. The measuring equipment is designed for application in laboratories and test shops. By the bridge connection, the object under tests is compared with a normal step-by-step voltage transformer.

5. With the aid of the measuring circuit, voltage divider and capacitor, the vibration galvanometer is set to zero.

6. A voltmeter in conjunction with an intermediate transformer incorporated permits an easy reading of the measuring points of the object under test- from 80 to 120%. For loading the objects under test during measurement, a burden of each for 100/V3 V and 100 V is provided. The burdens apply to the standard rated powers from 2.5 VA to 180 VA at cos /?=0.8.

7. All the controlled elements and measuring instruments needed for manipulation and measurement are accommodated in a desk measuring table. The regulating transformer, the H.V. testing transformer and the normal voltage transformer are set up outside the measuring table. With the type WMU 2.5/30 the regulating transformer is incorporated in the measuring table.

Пояснения к тексту:

ascertainment of voltage - установление напряжения -

regulating transformer - регулирующий трансформатор

for manipulation and measuremen - для манипуляции и измерения

1. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

1. What do voltage transformer measuring equipment permit?

2. What is measuring range standard values of WMU 2.5?

3. What types of voltage transformer measuring equipment do you know?

А) The following types are available WMU2.5, WMU 7.5/1 10, WMU 10/220

В) Voltage transformer serve for measuring class accuracy of voltage transformers according to standard

С) Measuring range standard values primary 30kV

2. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующие варианты

1. The measuring equipment is…

А) apply to the standard rated powers

В) designed for application in laboratories and test shops

С) elements and measuring instruments

2. These apparatus serve…

А) designed for application in laboratories

В) for loading the objects under test during

С) for measuring class accuracy of voltage transformers

3. The burdens apply to the standard…

А) for measuring class accuracy of voltage transformers

В) to the standard rated powers from 2.5 VA to 180 VA

С) needed for manipulation

3. Найдите в правой колонке русский эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний

1. measuring equipment	А.вольтметр, соединенный с промежуточным трансформатором
2. H.V. testing transformer	Б. трансформатор соответствующий стандарту
3. voltmeter in conjunction with an intermediate transformer (6).	С. для использования в лабораториях
4. transformers according to standard	Д. высоковольтный испытательный трансформатор
5. for application in laboratories	Е. измерительное оборудование

Ответы к заданиям:

1. 1 А), 2 С), 3 В); 2. 1 В), 2 С), 3 В); 3.1 Е) ,2 Д), 3 А), 4 Б), 5 С).

TEXT №4

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MY FIRST WIRELESS

The first wireless set I had was a small crystal set with an electric battery. I made most of the parts myself according to the instructions in a radio journal, and was very proud of it, though the reception was very poor. In order to listen in I switched it on, put on headphones and then moved a needle till it just touched a crystal; if I was lucky, I heard something. It had an aerial which was tied to a tree in the garden, and an earth wire connected to a drain-pipe which ran down the side of the house.

My present wireless is quite up-to-date. It has ten valves and a loudspeaker. The set uses electricity.

All we need to do is to put in the plug and switch on; then the set lights up. As soon as the valves warm up we can tune in to any station we want. There are several knobs; by turning one we make the sound louder or softer; by turning another we can tune in to any wave-length or broadcasting station. Reception is much better than it was with the old crystal set, but some programmes are spoilt by atmospherics, especially when there is thunder in the air. Now we have television and are able not only to hear but also to see events while they are actually happening.

Пояснения к тексту:

valves - клапаны

put on headphones – надеть наушники

knobs - выпуклости

1. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

1. What out-of-date things have I (at home)?

2.What (modern) up-to-date things have I?

3. How do we use electricity at home?

А) My present wireless is quite up-to-date

В) The first wireless set I had was a small crystal set with an electric battery

С) Now we have television and are able not only to hear but also to see events while they are actually happening

2. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующие варианты:

1. My present wireless is…

А) to put in the plug and switch on; then the set lights up

В) quite up-to-date

С) much better than it was with the old crystal set

2. Reception is…

А) much better than it was with the old crystal set

В) tied to a tree in the garden

С) quite up-to-date.

3. Some programmes are…

А) actually happening

В) spoilt by atmospherics, especially when there is thunder in the air

С) several knobs

3. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний

1 according to the instruction	А. электричество.
2. electric battery	Б. в соответствии с инструкцией
3 reception	С. слушать музыку
4 listen to music	Д. электробатарея
5 electricity.	Е. приём

Ответы к заданиям:

1. 1. В) , 2. А), 3. С)

2. 1. В), 2 А), 3. В)

3. 1. Б), 2. Д), 3. Е), 4. С), 5. А).

TEXT №5

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OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS AND PHOTOGRAPHY

Optical Instruments. The photographic camera and the eye consist essentially of a converging lens which forms a real, inverted image on a sensitive plate or retina.

The simple microscope consists of a converging lens, and the compound microscope — of two converging lenses, both of short focal length.

The astronomical telescope consists of two converging lenses, an objective of long focal length and an eyepiece of short focal length.

Dispersion and Colour. When a beam of white light passes through a glass prism it is dispersed into the colours of the spectrum. White light may be regarded as consisting of light of many colours which are refracted differently by the glass; violet is refracted most and red least.

The rainbow is caused by the dispersion of sunlight in raindrops in the air.

Photography. By means of a system of lenses in the camera an image of the object to be photographed is thrown for a definite length of time on to a plate or f i 1 m made of glass or celluloid. These materials are covered with an emulsion containing silver bromide, AgBr, or silver chloride, AgCl. The effect of this exposure of the film is to make the silver compound easily reduced to metallic silver by the chemical action of developers. The action of development produces a black deposit of fine particles of metallic silver on the exposed portions of the film light, thus giving a negative image. Fixing consists of the chemical action of sodium thiosulphate, N328203 ('hypo'), and other reagents on the unchanged silver salts to give a soluble compound, which is then washed out with water, leaving the negative free of light-sensitive silver salts. By placing the finished negative over a piece of sensitive paper similar to film, and exposing to light, the silver salts in the paper are affected in a similar way to those in the original film; the darker portions of the negative let through least light, and thus give the whitest portions on the developed paper. The negative image is thus again reversed, and a correct image, or photograph, is obtained on the paper, which is then fixed and washed as before.

Пояснения к тексту:

converging lenses - схождение линз

a definite length of time - определенный отрезок времени

dispersion of sunlight - дисперсия солнечного света

unchanged silver salts - неизменные серебряные соли

1. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

1. What does the photographic camera consist of?

2. What does the simple microscope consist of?

3. What does the astronomical telescope consist of?

А) The simple microscope consists of a converging lens,

and the compound microscope — of two converging lenses, both of short focal length.

В) The photographic camera and the eye consist essentially of a converging lens which forms a real, inverted image on a sensitive plate or retina.

С) The astronomical telescope consists of two converging lenses, an objective of long focal length and an eyepiece of short focal length.

2. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующие варианты

1. The action of development produces…

А) then fixed and washed as before

В) which is then washed out with water

С) a black deposit of fine particles of metallic silver on the exposed portions of the film light.

2. The rainbow is…

А) caused by the dispersion of sunlight in raindrops in the air.

В) thus again reversed, and a correct image

С) then fixed and washed as before.

3.Найдите в правой колонке русский эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний

1. made of glass	A. химическая реакция
2.a sensitive plate	Б. радуга
3. the chemical action	С. астрономический телескоп
4. astronomical telescope	Д. изготовленная из стекла
5. rainbow	Е. чувствительная пластина

Ответы к заданиям:

1. 1В); 2А); 3С);

2. 1С); 2А); 3А);

3. 1 Д); 2 Е); 3 А); 4 С); 5. Б)

Раздел III

TEXT №1

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PARTS OF A BUILDING

Almost everyone has watched the building of a house and followed its progress with interest.

First the excavation is dug for the basement, then the foundation walls below ground level are constructed; after this the framework is erected and clothed with various finishing materials and, protected by several coats of paint.

The part upon which the stability of the structure depends is the framework. It is intended for safely carrying the loads imposed. The floors, walls, roof and other parts of .the building must be carefully designed and proportioned.

The architect or designer must decide what shall be the size of the walls, the floors, the beams, the girders and the parts which make up the framework, and how they shall be placed and arranged. Sometimes it is done by the architect who draws the plans for the house, sometimes by a designer.

Here are the main parts of a building and their functions.

Foundations are to keep the walls and floors from contact with the soil, to guard them against the action of frost, to prevent them from sinking and settling which cause cracks in walls and uneven floors.

Floors divide the building into stories. They may be either of timber or of a fire-resisting material.

Walls are built to enclose areas and carry the weight of floors and roofs. The walls may be solid or hollow. The materials used for the wall construction can be brick, stone, concrete and other natural and artificial materials.

Roofs cover the building and protect it from exposure to weather. They tie the walls and give the construction strength and firmness.

Пояснения к тексту:

dug for the basement - вырытый для основания

framework - структура

artificial materials - искусственные материалы.

firmness –твёрдость

1. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

1) What kinds of walls are there?

2) What materials are used for the wall construction?

3) What's the function of the roof?

frost, to prevent them from sinking and settling which cause cracks in walls and uneven floors.

2. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующие варианты:

1 Foundations are …

А) built to enclose areas and carry the weight of floors and roofs.

В) the main parts of a building and their functions

С) to keep the walls and floors from contact with the soil, to guard them against the action of frost, to prevent them from sinking

2. Floors divide…

А) the walls and give the construction strength and firmness

В). the building into stories

С) the size of the walls, the floors, the beams, the girders and the parts which make up the framework

3. Roofs cover…

А) the building and protect it from exposure to weather

В) the building into stories

С) the stability of the structure

3. Найдите в правой колонке русский эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний

1. framework.	А. размер стен
2. strength and firmness.	Б. каркас
3. protect from exposure to weather	С. прочность и устойчивость
4. size of the walls	Д. защищать от воздействия непогоды
5. parts of .the building	Е. части здания

Ответы к заданиям:

1. 1. А), 2. С), 3. В),

2. 1. С), 2. В), 3. А)

3. 1 Б), 2. С), 3. Д), 4. А), 5. Е).

TEXT №2

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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OF A BUILDING

Orientation and Surveying of the Building. — Before beginning the construction of any building it is necessary to consider several problems closely connected with the lot where the building is to be erected. Some of these problems are as follows:

1 Soil is a very important problem in the building of any house. The land may have a sufficient depth of rich top soil, but beneath may be a ledge of soil rock, which will make the excavation of the basement very expensive, especially in climates where the footings must be carried down below the frost.

The problem of transportation is the most important during the whole period of construction on the building site. One must see whether there are sufficient means of erecting ways for bringing up the materials and men to the building site.

One must also see if there is a sewerage line, water supply line, gas line, electric power line, and how all of them can be used.

3. A survey is a plan of a piece of land showing its exact dimensions and levels, the lot boundaries with relations to the adjacent streets, the location and levels of existing sewer and water mains, electric light, gas services, etc.

Styling of a building. — If we have to design a house, there is a number of practical considerations which will affect the design. Here are some of them: 1). Height of first floor above ground. 2). Ceilings' heights. The height of the ceiling, that is clear height from floor to ceiling, is a matter to

be determined by the designer.

Footing and Foundations. — Now we shall consider the separate parts of a building, beginning with footing and foundations. The extra thickness where the wall rests on the ground is called a footing. The extra thickness of the wall at the bottom can be obtained by making the wall thicker as it deepens below the ground surface (level).

The method of forming footings is to step the foundation wall out of the bottom on both sides until the area of ground covered by the bottom of the foundation is considered to be sufficient to support the load imposed by the wall.

Пояснения к тексту:

a sewerage line- линия канализации

adjacent streets – смежные улицы

extra thickness - дополнительная толщина

support the load - поддерживать нагрузку

1. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

1. What problems are considered before beginning the construction of any building?

2. Is soil a very important problem in the building of any house?

3 What is the most important problem during the whole period of construction?

А) The problem of transportation is the most important during the whole period of

В) several problems closely connected with the lot

where the building is to be erected. Some of these problems are as follows:

С) Soil is a very important problem in the building of any house

2. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующие варианты

1. Soil is a very important problem…

А) a plan of a piece of land

В) in the building of any house

С) a number of practical considerations

2. The problem of transportation is…

А) the most important during the whole period of construction

В) a sufficient depth of rich top soil,

С) to be erected.

3. A survey is...

А) a sewerage line

В) plan of a piece of land showing its exact dimensions and levels

С) a very important problem

3. Найдите в правой колонке русский эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний

1. Before beginning the construction	А. Проблема транспорта
2. The problem of transportation	Б. Высота потолка
3. The height of the ceiling	С. Съемка
4 A survey	Д. Строительные материалы
5 construction materials	Е. До начала строительства

Ответы к заданиям:

1. 1. В), 2. С), 3. А).

2. 1. В), 2. А), 3. В).

3.1. Е), 2. А, 3. Б), 4. С), 5. А).

TEXT №3

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TOWER BRIDGE

This year London has a special birthday to celebrate; in fact Tower Bridge was 100 years old on 30 June 1994! During the reign of Queen Victoria from 1838 to 1901 engineers and scientists competed with each other to make the greatest progress. They had a tremendous confidence that science and engineering could solve all the world's problems. Tower Bridge is probably the most important product of this optimism and confidence demonstrating the best of the engineering skills of the Victorian architects. It didn't have an easy existence as it was threatened over the years by heavy bombings in the first and later in the Second World War. Nevertheless, it managed to survive and is still in use. Since the inauguration of the Bridge in 1894 till 1955, the Bridge was opened 325358 times. Over the years, since then, the number of "lifts" has dropped because of the closure of wharf’s in Inner London, which means that large ships don't need to go under the Bridge. Nevertheless, the average number of "lifts" is 14 a day over a hundred years. The architectural style of the Tower Bridge is the Victorian gothic, very typical of the nineteenth century England. Indeed, the architects succeeded in designing a unique bridge, the only one of its kind in the world.

The features that give it a distinctive elaboration, which remind us of gothic character are pointed conical pinnacles and decorative cathedrals and castles. Of the twin towers, the north tower (the one nearest to the Tower of London) is the entrance to the recently opened, glass-covered Tower Bridge Walkways which are accessible by a lift or stairs and afford a superb view of the Thames river and the London skyline. The walkways over the bridge itself are 140 feet above the river and JO feet wide. Special displays in the walkway show the skycap as it was 100 years ago, and during the Blitz in World War Two. The south tower is enlivened by an exhibition of the history of the Bridge. "The Celebration Story", as the exhibition is called is, a multimedia presentation, which transports the visitors back to the 1890s. It tells how and why the Bridge was built and then goes through various stages of the Bridge's history. In 1993 a new exhibition was inaugurated. On display are the original Victorian steam engines in their engine House. Those engines worked the mechanisms that lifted the roadway so that ships could pass beneath. In short, Tower Bridge, with its amazing and admirable characteristics, and the symbol of the glory and splendor of England, needs to be seen.

Пояснения к тексту:

since the inauguration - начиная с инаугурации

the average number – среднее число

conical pinnacles – конические башенки

a distinctive elaboration- отличительная разработка

1. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

1.When did Tower Bridge celebrate its birthday?

2.What is the architectural style of the Tower Bridge?

3.What is "The Celebration Story" tell about?

А) The architectural style of the Tower Bridge is the Victorian gothic.

В) on 30 June 1994

С) It tells how and why the Bridge was built?

2. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующие варианты:

1. During the reign of Queen Victoria from 1838 to 1901..

А) the Bridge was opened 325358 times

В) probably the most important product

С) engineers and scientists competed with each other to make the greatest progress.

2. The architectural style of the Tower Bridge is…

А) a multimedia presentation

В) the Victorian gothic

С) Nevertheless, the average number of "lifts"

3. Tower Bridge is probably the most important product…

А) of this optimism and confidence demonstrating the best of the engineering skills of the Victorian architects

В) multimedia presentation, which transports the visitors back to the 1890s

С) the entrance to the recently opened, glass-covered Tower Bridge

3. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов

1 engineers and scientists	А. конические остроконечные башни
2. conical pinnacles	Б. новая выставка
3. the architects succeeded in	С. символ славы и великолепия
4. a new exhibition	Д. инженеры и ученые
5. the symbol of the glory and splendor	Е. архитекторам удалось

Ответы к заданиям:

1. 1. В), 2. А), 3.С).

2. 1. С), 2. В), 3.А)

3. 1. Д), 2. А), 3. Е), 4. Б), 5. С).

TEXT №4

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CONSTRUCTION WORK

The buildings erected nowadays can be divided into two general classes; buildings for housing and industrial building

As far as material is concerned buildings can be divided into .stone (or brick), wood'arid1 concrete buildings. Brick is an artificial building material made of clay which is then burnt for hardening. Natural stone (rubble masonry) is used for footing and foundations for external walls carrying the load.

Buildings made of stone or brick are durable, fire-resisting and possess poor heat conductivity.

The levels divide a building into stories. They may be either of timber or, in stone buildings, of reinforced concrete details of big and small sizes.

The coverings or upper parts of buildings meant to keep out rain and wind and to preserve the interior from exposure to weather are called roofs. They tie the walls and give the construction strength and firmness.

Every building must have a beautiful appearance. The interior should be planned to suit the requirements of the occupants while the exterior must be simple with nothing superfluous.

Every building should be provided with water, electricity, ventilation and heating systems. The water supply and sewerage systems are called plumbing.

Careful consideration must be given to the amount of money, which is going to be spent in building the house. An estimate depending upon the design of the building must be calculated after which work on the building site can be started.

Пояснения к тексту:

an artificial building material - искусственный строительный материал

external walls - внешние стены

heat conductivity - теплопроводность.

to preserve the interior - сохранять интерьер

1. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

1) What's the purpose of constructing roofs?

2) What must every building look like?

3) What should every building be provided with?

А) Every building must have a beautiful appearance. The interior should be planned to suit the requirements of the occupants while the exterior must be simple with nothing superfluous

В) Every building should be provided with water, electricity, ventilation and heating systems

С). The coverings or upper parts of buildings meant to keep out rain and wind and to preserve the interior from exposure to weather are called roofs

2. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующие варианты

1. Brick is…

А) going to be spent in building the house.

В) called roofs

С) an artificial building material made of clay which is then burnt for hardening

2. The levels divide…

the walls and give the construction strength and firmness

a building into stories.

С) the walls and give the construction strength and firmness.

3. Careful consideration must be …

А) given to the amount of money, which is going to be spent in building the house.

В) a beautiful appearance

С) planned to suit the requirements of the occupants while the exterior must be simple with nothing superfluous.

3. Найдите в правой колонке русский эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний

1. ventilation and heating systems	А. крыша
2. coverings or upper parts of buildings	Б. низкая теплопроводность
3. buildings for |housing and industrial building	С. Система вентиляции и отопления.
4. poor heat conductivity	Д. здания жилые и промышленные.
5. roof	Е. Кровля или верхние части здания

Ответы к заданиям:

1. 1. С), 2. А), 3. В);

2. 1. С), 2. В), 3. А);

3. 1. C), 2. E), 3. Д), 4. Б), 5. A)

Ключи к текстам:

Основные источники

1. Голубев А.П. Английский язык для технических специальностей (English for Technical Colleges). Ростов-на-Дону «Академия», 2013.

2. Андрианова Л.Н. Курс английского языка для вечерних и заочных технических вузов. Москва. «Высшая школа», 2002.

3. Vicki Hollett and John Sydes. Tech Talk. Pre-Intermediate Student’s Book. Oxford University Press, 2005.

4. Агабекян И.П. Английский для технических вузов. Серия «Учебники и учебные пособия». Ростов-на-Дону «Феникс», 2012.

Рецензия

на «Сборник текстов с тестовыми заданиями (практикум)» по дисциплине «Английский язык» для специальностей 151031 «Монтаж и техническая эксплуатация промышленного оборудования (по отраслям), 270802 «Строительство и эксплуатация зданий и сооружений», 270843«Монтаж, наладка и эксплуатация электрооборудования промышленных и гражданских зданий» среднего профессионального образования, подготовленный преподавателями государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения среднего профессионального образования Ростовской области «Красносулинский металлургический колледж» Билан Л.И., Веретельниковой Е.А.

Предлагаемый « Сборник текстов с тестовыми заданиями по английскому языку» представляет собой учебный материал проверочного и обучающего характера, а также предназначен для самостоятельного изучения и проведения самоконтроля знаний обучающихся по дисциплине «Английский язык» в учреждениях СПО.

Новизна содержания сборника заключается в том, что он направлен на достижение общеобразовательных, профессиональных, воспитательных, практических задач на дальнейшее развитие иноязычной коммуникативной компетенции.

Содержание сборника соответствует уровню подготовленности обучающихся к изучению данной дисциплины.

Сборник включает технические тексты профессиональной направленности и варианты заданий: задания на умение ориентироваться в иноязычном тексте и понимать нужную и интересующую информацию, тестовые задания на соотнесение, сопоставление русских и английских эквивалентов.

Структура данного сборника составлена в соответствии с рабочей программой изучения дисциплины «Английский язык». Уровень заданий соответствует требованиям, предъявляемым Государственным образовательным стандартом среднего профессионального образования по дисциплине «Английский язык» и может быть использован в учебном процессе в представленном виде.

Рецензент:

Рецензия

на «Сборник текстов с тестовыми заданиями (практикум) по дисциплине «Английский язык» для специальностей 151031 «Монтаж и техническая эксплуатация промышленного оборудования (по отраслям), 270802 «Строительство и эксплуатация зданий и сооружений», 270843«Монтаж, наладка и эксплуатация электрооборудования промышленных и гражданских зданий» среднего профессионального образования, подготовленную преподавателями государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения среднего профессионального образования Ростовской области «Красносулинский металлургический колледж» Билан Л.И., Веретельниковой Е.А.

Предлагаемый сборник.представляет собой учебный материал проверочного и обучающего характера, а также предназначен для самостоятельного изучения и проведения самоконтроля знаний для обучающихся по дисциплине «Английский язык» в образовательных учреждениях среднего профессионального образования.

Структура сборника составлена в соответствии с рабочей программой изучения дисциплины «Английский язык».

В основу данного сборника положен принцип профессиональной направленности и языковой компетенции.

В данном пособии тексты подобраны так, что они знакомят обучающихся с тематикой их будущей профессии.

Сборник состоит из трёх разделов для специальностей «Монтаж и техническая эксплуатация промышленного оборудования (по отраслям), «Строительство и эксплуатация зданий и сооружений», «Монтаж, наладка и эксплуатация электрооборудования промышленных и гражданских зданий», каждый из которых включает в себя технические тексты и выполнение системы заданий к ним, направленной на выявление уровня понимания их содержания и смысла.

Уровень заданий соответствует требованиям, предъявляемым Государственным Образовательным стандартом среднего профессионального образования по дисциплине «Английский язык» и может быть использован в

учебном процессе в представленном виде.

Рецензент:

Аннотация

Предлагаемый сборник. представляет собой учебный материал проверочного и обучающего характера, а также предназначен для самостоятельного изучения и проведения самоконтроля знаний для обучающихся по дисциплине «Английский язык» в образовательных учреждениях среднего профессионального образования. В основу данного сборника положен принцип профессиональной направленности и языковой компетенции.

Сборник состоит из трёх разделов для специальностей «Монтаж и техническая эксплуатация промышленного оборудования (по отраслям), «Строительство и эксплуатация зданий и сооружений», «Монтаж, наладка и эксплуатация электрооборудования промышленных и гражданских зданий», каждый из которых включает в себя технические тексты и выполнение системы заданий к ним, направленной на выявление уровня понимания их содержания и смысла.

Уровень заданий соответствует требованиям, предъявляемым Государственным Образовательным стандартом среднего профессионального образования по дисциплине «Английский язык» и может быть использован в

учебном процессе в представленном виде.

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