Задание для 204 группы на 09.04.2020

Задание для 204 группы на 09.04.

Задание 1:

Прочитайте и переведите данные ниже слова и словосочетания на русский язык:

Heat treatment, main, hardening, tempering, annealing, critical range, rapidly cooling, suitable medium, brine, liquid, drawing the temper, take place, uniform, carry out, heating, machine.

Задание 2:

Подберите соответствующие русские эквиваленты английским словам из задания 1:

главный, равномерный, нормализация, проводить, закаливание, нагревание, критический уровень, быстрое охлаждение, термообработка, соляной раствор, отпуск закала, происходить, подходящая среда, отжиг, жидкость, обрабатывать

Задание3:

Переведите на русский язык следующие словосочетания:

rapidly cooling in a suitable medium

reheating the hardened steel

producing the required physical properties

having been hardened

in order to properly harden a piece of steel

control the heat in the furnace

relieve internal stresses

Задание 4:

Переведите на русский язык следующий текст:

Heat treatment is a method by which the heat treater can change the physical properties of a metal. There are three main operations in the heat treatment of steel: hardening, tempering, and annealing.

The hardening operation consists of heating the steel above its critical range and then quenching it, that is rapidly cooling in a suitable medium such as water, brine, oil, or some other liquid. Having been hardened, the metal must be given a tempering treatment which consists of reheating the hardened steel to a temperature below the critical range, thus producing the required physical properties. Tempering is also called drawing the temper, because this operation gives a steel object the required temper. Temper is the hardness, toughness, and brittleness of the metal. Having been tempered, the steel becomes stronger because its grain gets finer. Hardened steel is too hard and too brittle for many tools.

The critical points or critical temperatures are the temperatures at which a certain change takes place in the physical condition of the steel. These points are very important because, in order to properly harden a piece of steel, it must be heated to a temperature above the upper critical point. Having known the critical points for certain steel, we can easily control the heat in the furnace. Gas, oil, and electric furnaces are the most commonly used for heat treating metals.

Annealing means making hardened steel softer and removing brittleness. Annealing is the uniform heating of a metal above usual hardening temperatures, followed by very slow cooling.

The slower the cooling, the softer the metal is when cold. Hardened steel is difficult to machine, but having been annealed, it can be easily machined. Annealing may be carried out either to soften a piece that is too hard to machine or to remachine a piece that has already been hardened. Annealing also relieves internal stresses produced by machining.

Low carbon steels do not become hard when subjected to such a heat treatment because of the small amount of carbon contained. If it is necessary to obtain a hard surface on a part made of such steel, surface hardening operations must be carried out.

Задание 5.

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту и составьте план текста на англ. языке:

1. What is hardening?

2. What is tempering?

3. What is annealing?

4. What can be used as a quenching medium for hardening steel?

5. To what temperature should steel be heated for hardening?

6. What treatment relieves the internal stresses produced by machining?

Задание 6.

Заполните пропуски в предложениях в соответствии с содержанием текста:

1. Heat treatment is a method that changes ________________________.

2. The main operations of the heat treatment are ___________________.

3. The hardening operation consists of heating the steel above its critical range and ________.

4. Quenching is a rapidly cooling in __________________.

5. Tempering is reheating the hardened steel to a temperature________________.

6. Annealing is the uniform heating of a metal above _____________.

Задание 7.

Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках в правильную форму. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Hardening, tempering and annealing (to be) the main operations in the heat treatment.

2. The critical temperature (to be) the temperature at which steel is properly hardened.

3. Hardened steel (to be) too hard and too brittle for many tools.

4. Tempering (to consist) of reheating the hardened steel to a temperature below the critical range.

5. Tempering (to give) a steel object the required temper.

6. Annealing (to make) the hardened steel softer and (to remove) brittleness.

Задание 8.

Переведите предложения с русского языка на английский:

1. Закалка состоит из двух операций: нагревания металла до температуры выше критического интервала и быстрого охлаждения его в жидкости.

2. Закаленный металл должен быть подвергнут отпуску, чтобы уменьшить хрупкость и увеличить прочность.

3. Зная, критические точки для определенной стали, мы можем легко контролировать нагрев печи.

4. Критические точки – это температуры, при которых в физическом состоянии стали происходит определенное изменение.