Методические указания 2 курс 2 часть (ТОР) 2026

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ЛЕСНОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА

И ОХРАНЫ ОБЪЕКТОВ ЖИВОТНОГО МИРА НИЖЕГОРОДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Государственное бюджетное профессиональное

образовательное учреждение Нижегородской области

«КРАСНОБАКОВСКИЙ ЛЕСНОЙ КОЛЛЕДЖ»

(ГБПОУ НО «КБЛК»)

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ

по дисциплине «Иностранный язык

в профессиональной деятельности (Английский язык)»

для студентов II курса 2 часть

Тема 1.2. Роль образования в современном мире

для специальности 23.02.07 Техническое обслуживание

и ремонт автотранспортных средств

Разработали: преподаватели иностранных языков Воронина М.В., Булкина Т.А.

Красные Баки

2025

Lesson 1

EDUCATION IN RUSSIA

№1. Write new words

a right – право

a duty – обязанность

crèches – ясли

nursery school – детский сад

primary school – начальная школа

secondary school – средняя школа

state – государственный

private – частный

lyceum – лицей

gymnasium – зд.гимназия

free of charge – бесплатный

the curriculum – расписание, учебная программа

term – четверть

the Certificate of Basic Secondary Education – аттестат об основном образовании

technical (vocational) school – техникум, училище

higher education – высшее образование

the Certificate of Complete Secondary Education – аттестат о полном образовании

personal interview –зд. собеседование

entrance examination – входной экзамен

postgraduate courses - аспирантура

№2. Read, translate the text and answer the questions:

Education plays a very important role in our life. It is one of the most valuable possessions a man can get in his life.

People in our country have the right for education. It is our Constitutional right. But it is not only a right, it is a duty, too. Every boy and every girl in Russia must go to school and they must get a full secondary education. 

Children start school at the age of six in Russia. Children under the age of six are taken to crèches and nursery schools. The course of studies at school is eleven years now: four years of primary school and seven years of secondary school. Previously it was only ten years: three years of primary school and seven years of secondary school. All pupils have equal rights in all stages of education.

There is a wide choice of schools nowadays: state schools, private schools, lyceums and gymnasiums. There is also a number of specialized schools, where the pupils get deep knowledge of foreign languages, or Maths, or Physics, or other subjects. The majority of schools is free of charge, but in some (usually private ones) parents have to pay for the education of their children. In ordinary schools parents sometimes pay for additional subjects in the curriculum, such as a foreign language or arts. Most children can already read and write when they start their school: this makes education much easier for them.

The school year starts in the first of September and finishes in May. It is divided into four terms. Study programme in schools is fixed. It means that schoolchildren can’t choose subjects they want to study.

In primary school there are three or four lessons a day. A lesson lasts forty minutes. During the first term children get used to learning and adapt to school regulations. At primary schools all lessons are usually conducted by one teacher.

At the age of ten children pass to the second stage of education, known as secondary school. In secondary school there is a wide variety of subjects under study, and teachers specialize. The transition from primary to secondary school is sometimes difficult for children.

After finishing the ninth form and getting the Certificate of Basic Secondary Education, schoolchildren may either continue their education in the tenth form, or leave school and go to technical (vocational) schools and colleges. They not only learn general subjects, but also receive a specialty there. Having finished a secondary school, a technical school or a college young people can start working, or they may enter an Institute or a University. Professional training makes it easier to get higher education.

After eleven years at school, the school leavers take examinations and get the Certificate of Complete Secondary Education. Those who have only excellent marks in the Certificate get a gold medal, which gives the right to enter higher school taking only one examination or a personal interview.

The admission to higher school is competitive and based on the system of entrance examinations, usually three or four. During the ex­aminations the school leavers must show their abilities in the chosen field. Young people also have an option to get specialized secondary education in vocational schools after leaving the eleventh form.

Among higher educational establishments are institutes (colleges), academies and universities. The term of studying in higher school is from four to six years. Students can be involved in scientific research while studying. At the end of their final year at college, university or academy they take final examinations and get a diploma. Besides, they can take postgraduate courses in the chosen field.

1. Is education in our country free? 
2. Is education in Russia right or duty? 
3. What types of schools are there in Russia?
4. What are the possible ways to continue education after the finishing of the secondary school? 
5. What are the main types of educational institutions in our country? 
6. What are the types of higher education institutions in Russia? 

№3. Give the Russian equivalents of the following words and word combinations:

the course of studies; primary school; secondary school; previously; creche; lyceum; gymnasium; free of charge; curriculum; to adapt; to extend; to conduct; transition; vocational school; higher school; competitive; ability; to be involved in; postgraduate courses

№4. Give the English equivalents of the following:

детский сад; большой выбор; государственная школа; большин­ство школ; дополнительные предметы; первая четверть; школь­ные правила; включать; изучаемые предметы; выпускники; акаде­мия; выпускные экзамены

№5. Translate the words in brackets into English.

1. (Курс обучения) is eleven years.

2. Children (младше шести лет) are taken to crèches and nursery schools.

3. (Большинство школ) are free of charge.

4. At the age of six children start (ходить в начальную школу).

5. After (базовой средней школы) young people can enter (техни­ческие училища).

№6. Match the definitions with their Russian equivalents:

1) the name for a type of secondary school in several countries	a) факультет
2) one of the two periods that the school or college year is divided into	b) колледж
3) a department or group of related departments in a college or university	c) учебный план
4) a formal written, spoken or practical test, especially at school or college, to see how much you know about a subject, or what you can do	d) лицей
5) the subjects that are included in a course of study or taught in a school, college, etc	e) семестр
6) a place where students go to study or to receive training after they have left school	f) экзамен

№7. Write chains of words in English:

А. Ясли – детсад – начальная школа – средняя школа – лицей – профессиональная школа – гимназия – колледж

Б. Высшее учебное заведение – институт – университет – академия – аспирантура

В. Школьник (ученик) – выпускник - абитуриент – студент (без степени, со степенью), бакалавр – магистр – аспирант – кандидат – доктор – профессор

Г. Экзамены – вступительные – семестровые – итоговые – государственные

№8. Write again the statements if it is true. And correct the statement if it is false.

In Krasnye Baki there are 2 secondary schools and 2 colleges.

School №2 is specialized in English.

There are no lyceums in Krasnye Baki.

Pupils start going to school at the age of 5 in Russia.

In Russia pupils study in primary school for 4 years.

Our college is situated in Michurin St.

There are a lot of different clubs in our college

№9. Read and learn the poems:

College Rap

College is the place

Where students are gay

Because they are turned

To be improved every day.

We enter the classrooms

Which are full of magic

Using pen boards, players,

Computers - gadgets.

The process of learning

Is not very hard

Because it’s so interesting,

Popular and smart.

All things are for students

To take education:

Sport grounds, laboratories,

Right regulation.

Students like

Keeping old traditions:

Drama, Art, Music

And sport competitions.

The stuff of the college

Is very creative

Fulfilling, strict, kind,

Of course, educative.

I can’t imagine

The life without

My taking part

In concerts, crowds.

Now let’s imagine

To think together

About friendship,

Motherland, the weather.

We often go to the dendropark

With teachers,

Attend museums, galleries

And draw pictures.

A winter garden,

A swimming pool.

It’s so filling,

so cool!

Lesson 2

Countable and uncountable nouns

№1. Study the material:

Существительные могут быть как исчисляемыми, так и неисчисляемыми. К исчисляемым существительным (countable) относятся названия предметов, которые можно пересчитать. Они употребляются как в единственном, так и во множественном числе. К неисчисляемым существительным (uncountable) относятся названия предметов, которые нельзя пересчитать.

Неисчисляемые существительные имеют только форму единственного числа и никогда не употребляются с неопределенным артиклем. К этой категории существительных относятся:

Вещества:

- жидкости - coffee, milk, tea, water, juice;

- твёрдые вещества - bread, butter, cheese, china, fish [meaning food];

- газы - air, oxygen, pollution, smoke, smog;

- сыпучие вещества или частицы - corn, dust, flour, rice, salt, sand, sugar;

Предметы (науки): economics, literature, mathematics, physics, phonetics.

Языки: Chinese, English, French.

Игры: billiards, chess, golf, soccer, tennis, darts.

Болезни: flu, measles, mumps.

Природные явления: darkness, grass, heat, light, thunder, snow, etc.

Абстрактные существительные: education, help, housework, homework, information, knowledge, leisure, life, love, music, news, shopping, traffic, trouble, truth, wealth, weather, work, etc.

В зависимости от контекста слова могут быть как исчисляемыми, так и неисчисляемыми. Слово переходит из категории неисчисляемых в категорию исчисляемых, когда оно обозначает:

- не материал, а нечто сделанное из этого материала (coal – каменный уголь, a coal – уголек, кусочек угля).

- конкретный сорт, тип или порцию (coffee – кофе, а coffee – чашка кофе).

- не абстрактное качество, а конкретный предмет или лицо (beauty – красота, а beauty – красавица).

С исчисляемыми и неисчисляемыми существительными используются разные слова-определители:

Исчисляемые существительные	Неисчисляемые существительные
a lot of (много)	a lot of (много)
many (много)	much (много)
a few (несколько) few (мало)	a little (немного) little (мало)
How many …? (сколько)	How much …? (сколько)

№2.Напишите по 5 существительных в каждую категорию:

Countable:

Liquids:

Solids:

Gases:

Loose substances or particles:

Subjects (sciences):

Languages:

Games:

Diseases:

Uncountable abstract nouns:

Countable abstract nouns:

Collective nouns:

№3. Выпишите конкретные, абстрактные, вещественные и собирательные существительные из данных слов:

day, night, smile, trust, love, hate, bread, wine, meat, salt, jury, staff, people, hero, army, courage, audience, steel, gold, company, minister, council, hope, doubt, wheat, rice, police, officer, servant, family, team, crowd, mob, traffic, trouble, money, herd, poultry, bull, ostrich, rhinoceros, flock, cattle, fruit, success, award, foliage, hair, furniture, uniform, information, weather, silver, salver, joy, boredom, life, death

№4. Подберите дефиниции, соответствующие данным существительным вещественным:

1.petrol	a) the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth and that we breathe
2. air	b) a thick liquid that comes from petroleum, used as a fuel and for making parts of machines move easily
3. steel	c) a liquid obtained from petroleum, used especially as a fuel for cars and other vehicles
4. sand	d) a hard, white substance that is used in making plaster of Paris
5. oil	e) a strong metal that is a mixture of iron and carbon, used for making things that need a strong structure, especially vehicles and buildings' or a particular type of this metal
6. copper	f) a chemical element that is a gas with no colour or taste, forms most of the earth's atmosphere, and is a part of all living things
7. nitrogen	g) a substance that consists of very small grains of rock, found on beaches and in deserts
8. gypsum	h) a chemical element that is a reddish-brown metal, used especially for making wire and coins

№5. Выберите из данных имен существительных нарицательных существительные абстрактные:

freedom, wisdom, ice-cream, sugar, iphone, humour, crowd, council, pencil, bronze, fear, sorrow, money, people, success, justice, jury, staff, police, trouble, summer, work, advice, beauty, choice, respect, promise, information, food, cattle, experience, knowledge, furniture, honour, imagination

№6. Выберите much or many:

1. They have too (many/much) furniture in the room.

2. There are too (many/much) books on your desk.

3. You have too (many/much) mistakes in the test.

4. You must drink (many/much) coffee.

5. You put too (many/much) vegetables in the soup.

6. You put too (many/much) fruit in the salad.

7. Must we learn (many /much) words for today?

8. We have got (many /much) sandwiches.

№7. Допишите в предложения some or any or no:

1. There is … tea in the crystal glass, but it is very hot.

2. There is … fresh milk in the fridge. I can't make porridge.

3. Are there … tasty apples in the bag?

4. There isn't … jam on the round plate.

5. There are … bananas on the wooden table. They are yellow.

6. There is … butter on the plate.

7. There is … cheese on the table, but there’re … cheese sandwiches.

8. There isn't … sausage on the table.

9. There are … potatoes in the bag.

10. There aren't … bananas on the table, but there are … cucumbers there.

№8. Допишите в предложения few, a few, little, a little:

1. There are … hotels in this town. There is almost nowhere to stay for the tourists.

2. Have you got … minutes? I need to talk to you.

3. Could you buy … bottles of water for me?

4. We had … snow last winter. We made snowmen.

5. We have … tomatoes, we can't cook tomato-soup.

6. The professor spends … time in company. He likes to be alone.

7. They have … furniture in the room. The room is almost empty.

8. I want to eat … I’m hungry.

9. We saw … people at the restaurant because the prices there were very high.

10. This is a modern town. There are only … old buildings.

№9. Дайте характеристику существительным: pupil – простое (производное, сложное), нарицательное (имя собственное), конкретное (абстрактное), исчисляемое (неисчисляемое), ед.ч. (мн.ч.), общий падеж (притяжательный)

education, students, Peter’s, freedom, blackboard, success, Moscow, books, pen, mother’s,

Lesson 3

EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN

№1. Write new words

compulsory – обязательный

playgroup – прогулочная группа

pre-primary – дошкольный

establishment – организация, учреждение

non-state – негосударственный

Local Educational Authorities (LEA) – местная образовательная организация

assessment test – оценочный тест

comprehensive school – единая средняя школа

General Certificate of Secondary Education examinations (GCSE) - сертификат о среднем образовании

boarding school – интернат

mixed – смешанный

single-sex – однополый

№2. Read, translate the text and answer the questions:

Education in the United Kingdom is compulsory from the age of five to sixteen. Children under five go either to nursery schools, or to playgroups. Both types of pre-primary educational establishments are non-state; the difference is that a child spends the whole day in a nursery school, while he or she can stay in a playgroup only for some hours a day. Anyway, the main aim of such kind of establishments is to make the children ready for primary schools. Children play, draw, model things from clay and learn to work together.

Compulsory education for all children begins at the age of five. There are 35,000 state schools in Britain. All of them are the responsibility of the Local Educational Authorities (LEA). The LEA caters for the curriculum and exams in each region; they also appoint head teach­ers and held assessment tests at schools.  

Primary school is for children from five to eleven. At first the studies are more like playing than working; English teachers say that this is the best way for children to get used to school. Probably they are right: children learn better when they play. Lessons usually last from nine in the morning till four or five in the afternoon with a long break at the lunchtime.

At the age of eleven pupils go to comprehensive schools. Children usually wear a uniform; it is different in different schools. They study Maths, English, Arts, English Literature, Geography, one or two foreign languages, usually French, Italian or German, PE (Physical Education), IT (Information Technology), Religion, Science, Biology, Sex Education and other subjects.

At the end of their studies they take General Certificate of Secondary Education examinations (GCSE) 0-level, and then they either leave school and start working or continue their studies at school or at college for two more years. This is called the sixth form at school or the sixth form college, and the students take only the subjects they need for entering the university of their choice.  

At the age of eighteen they take GCSE А-level. They usually take three or four А-levels. There are no entrance exams to universities, so the students can enter a university or a college on the results of their А-level examinations.            Speaking about education in the UK it is necessary to say that there is a great difference between state education and private education. State schools are free, and about ninety per cent of all children attend them. Private, or public schools are very expensive. These are usually boarding schools, where children stay while they study, coming home only on vacations. These schools are for children between thirteen and eighteen. Before entering a public school, children are usually educated at home. State schools are usually mixed, while private schools are typically single-sex, with a few exceptions.

1. From what age is education in the United Kingdom compulsory?

2. What are the establishments for pre-primary education?

3. What is the difference between nursery schools and playgroups?

4. How many state schools are there in Great Britain?

5. What does the LEA do?

6. At what age do children go to primary schools?

7. What subjects do children take in secondary schools?

8. What kind of exam do the pupils take at the age of sixteen?

9. When do the pupils take GCSE A-level?

10. Are there any entrance exams in British universities?

№3. Match the words 1-10 with the definition a-j:

1. a day school	a. a school for pupils between the ages of 11 or 12 and 17 or 18
2. a special needs school	b. a school for children between the ages of 5 and 11
3. a boarding school	c. a school suitable for the majority of children
4. a mainstream school	d. a school in Britain for children aged between 11 and 18 who have a high academic ability
5. a secondary/ senior school	e. a state school in which children of all abilities are taught together
6. a private school	f. a school for children who need special help or care, for example because they are physically or mentally disabled
7. a college	g. a school which is not supported financially by the government and which parents have to pay for their children to go to
8. a primary school	h. a school where the students go home every evening and do not live at the school
9. a grammar school	i. an institution where students study after they have left school
10. a comprehensive school	j. a school which some or all of the pupils live in during the school term

№4. Give the Russian equivalents of the following words and word combi­nations:

Local Educational Authorities; primary school; comprehensive school; secondary school; Art; English Literature; Information Technology; General Certificate of Secondary Education examinations; A-level; О-Level; state education; private education; public schools; boarding schools; mixed

         

№5. Give the English equivalents of the following words and word combi­nations:

обязательный; до пяти лет; или ... или; детский сад; лепить; учебный план; директор; больше похоже на ... ; школьная форма; иностранные языки; продолжать обучение; подготовительный класс колледжа; бесплатный; каникулы

№6. Write out the words from the text with suffixes and use them in the sentences of your own.

№7. Fill in the blanks with the following words:

boarding; run; comprehensive; year; graduates; facilities; mixed; public

Mike goes to a ... school in Birmingham. He is thirteen and is in his third ... now. His parents wanted to send him to a ... school but Mike was against it. He likes his school and his studies, and he thinks that if he went to a ... school, he would miss his home. The school he goes to is .... . Mike has a lot of friends at school among both boys and girls. The

classes ... from nine am till quarter past four pm. Mike’s favorite subject at school is IT. He says he wants to become a programmer when he ... . Besides, he is fond of sports. He plays football and volleyball. The school he goes to has excellent sports .... .

№8. Find the answers:

1. How many colleges are there in Cambridge?

a) over 30 b) over 50 c) over 80

1. Which one of the buildings stands out among the others?

a) King´s College b) St. May´s College c) St. Andrew´s College

1. How long did it take to build?

a) 500 years b) 300 years c) 100 years

1. Who founded Trinity College?

a) John II b) Henry VIII c) William I

1. What is the name of the river which flows through Cambridge?

a) Cam b) Ram c) Pam

1. What is going punting?

a) walking b) taking a boat – having a picnic

1. How old is Pembroke College?

a) 600 b) 200 c) 700 years old

1. Who built many of the buildings in Cambridge and also built St. Paul´s Cathedral in London?

a) Sir Paul Newton b) Sir Christopher Wren c)Sir Paul Newman

Lesson 4

Plural Nouns

№ 1. Study the material “Plural nouns”:

Regular Nouns add -S			Ends in S, CH, SH, X or Z add -ES					End in -F or -FE remove -F/FE add -VES
car dog house desk book	cars [z] dogs [z] houses [iz] desks [s] books [s]	bus match dish box quiz		buses matches dishes boxes quizes			leaf wolf knife		leaves wolves knives
							But! roof – roofs, chief - chiefs, belief – beliefs
Ends in VOWEL + Y add -S			Ends in CONSONANT + Y add -IES					Irregular Nouns
day key boy guy essay	days keys boys guys essays	city party country story activity hobby baby		cities parties countries stories activities hobbies babies			man woman child ox foot tooth mouse person		men women children oxen feet teeth mice people
But! soliloquy – soliloquies
Ends in VOWEL + O add -S			Ends in CONSONANT + O add -ES					No Change
zoo radio stereo video cuckoo	zoos radios stereos videos cuckoos	potato tomato hero		potatoes tomatoes heroes			sheep deer fish fruit species		sheep deer fish fruit species
		But! piano - pianos, photo - photos, disco - discos
Latin, Greek Words								Compound Nouns
alumnus – alumni (бывший ученик – бывшие ученики) analysis – analyses (анализ – анализы) crisis – crises (кризис – кризисы) appendix – appendices (приложение – приложения) formula – formulae, formulas (формула – формулы) index – indices, indexes (указатель – указатели) bacterium – bacteria (бактерия – бактерии) curriculum – curricula (расписание- расписания) criterion – criteria (критерий – критерии)								commander-in-chief - commanders-in-chief, father-in-law – fathers-in-law, passer-by - passers-by, looker-on - lookers-on
								merry-go-round, forget-me-not, grown-up		merry-go-rounds, forget-me-nots, grown-ups
Only SINGULAR						Only PLURAL
information, advice, money, news, success, furniture, work, progress, cream, ink, knowledge						scissors, trousers, spectacles, scales, clothes, wages, goods, contents, sweepings, odds, greens, shorts, jeans, pyjamas, tights

№2. Write the plural nouns and translate:

A monitor, a day, a copybook, a city, a formula, a leaf, an address, a brush, a boy, a child, a man, a grown-up, a house, a crisis, a mouse, a tooth. a photo, a kilo, a potato, a chef, a watch, a hobby, clothes, a life

№3. Fill the table in plural:

friend, cinema, bottle, lake, bus, glass, bed, boy, hat, cap, tape, shop, brush, bench, box.

[s]	[z]	[iz]

№4. Put the words in brackets in the plural and translate the sentences: 

1. The store was overrun with rats and (mouse) … .

2. I helped him put some (shelf)… in his bedroom.

3. He is one of the country’s national (hero)… .

4. He collects (pocket-knife) … .

5. His both (son-in-law) … were (fisherman)… .

6. The police asked (passer-by) … if they had seen the accident.

7. Yesterday’s crash has grim (echo)… of previous disaster.

8. Books provide (child)… with ideas and (stimulus)… to play.

9. Corn circles are one of the strangest (phenomenon) ... of recent times.

10. Do you have any (spray) or anything else that will keep away (fly)… or (mosquito)…?

№5. Match the container and the food, translate word-combinations:

1. a pound of … 2. a bottle of … 3. a box of … 4. a bar of … 5. a jar of … 6. a loaf of … 7. a dozen … 8. a bunch of … 9. a can of … 10. a packet of … 11. a carton of …

a) bread b) coffee “Nescafe” c) chocolate d) cheese e) lemonade f) eggs g) sweets h) grapes i) Coca-Cola j) milk k) tea “Lipton

№6. Choose the right form of the noun and write the sentences

1. The roofs / rooves of these houses are bad.

2. These cities / citys are beautiful.

3. I want to see deer / deers in the zoo.

4. They are very good students / studentes.

5. Her knifes / knives are always sharp.

6. This farmer breeds geese / gooses.

7. She has two umbrellas / umbrellaes.

8. He wants to buy some new shelfs / shelves.

9. They sell pianoes / pianos here.

10. I like plays / plaies by this author.

11. Some Irishmans / Irishmen live here.

12. He injured his feet / foots.

№7. Read the poem “Plural”, write out the correct plural nouns:

We’ll begin with a box, and the plural is boxes,

But the plural of ox should be oxen, not oxes.

Then one fowl is a goose, but two are called geese,

Yet the plural of moose should never be meese,

You may find alone mouse or a whole nest of mice,

But the plural of house is houses, not hice.

If the plural of man is always called men,

Why shouldn’t the plural of pan be called pen?

The cow in the plural may be cows or kine,

But a bow if repeated is never called bine,

And the plural of vow is vows, never vine.

If I speak of a foot and you show me your feet,

And I give you a boot would a pair be called beet?

If one is a tooth, and a whole set are teeth,

Why shouldn’t the plural of booth be called beeth?

If the singular’s this and the plural is these,

Should the plural of kiss ever be nicknamed keese?

Then one may be that and three would be those,

Yet hat in the plural would never be hose,

And the plural of cat is cats, not cose.

We speak of a brother, and also of brethren,

But though we say mother, we never say methren,

Then the masculine pronouns are he, his and him,

But imagine the feminine she, shis and shim,

So the English, I think, you all will agree,

Is the queerest language you ever did see.

№8. Change sentences in plural:

1. This aircraft is new. 2. I saw a cat playing with a mouse. 3. I’ve never won a prize.

4. Do you know this lady? 5. This is a tall tree. 6. I need a box. 7. We are going to visit this country. 8. She has a grandchild. 9. This man is a thief. 10. I like this player. 11. I don’t have an ashtray. 12. Have you ever talked to a Frenchman? 13. There is a swimming pool in our town. 14. He likes his teacher.

Lesson 5

EDUCATION IN THE USA

№1. Write new words

responsibility – ответственность, обязанность

demand – требования, запросы

nation-wide - общенациональный

consider – рассматривать, учитывать

undergraduate - бакалавриат

freshman year – первый курс

sophomore year – второй курс

Humanities – гуманитарные науки

junior year – предпоследний курс

senior year – последний курс

Bachelor’s degree – степень бакалавра

Master’s Degree – степень магистра

№2. Read and translate the text.

Education in the United States

There is no federal educational standard in the USA. Schooling and educational programmes are the responsibility of each state; this is why one can find great differences in education from state to state. No uniform demands exist on education in schools or universities through­ out the nation. In most states attending school is obligatory for children between six and seventeen. Secondary education institutions include elementary schools and high schools.

Higher education in the USA is not nation-wide. Colleges differ a lot from each other in scale and level of education as well as in the “quality” of diplomas given. There are private and state universities. Private education is considered more prestigious. The most famous pri­vate university is Harvard. Higher education is rather expensive in the USA.

A typical American university has two levels of education: two years of undergraduate classes and two more years of graduate classes. The undergraduate years are called the freshman and the sophomore year.

During the first and the second year the students take subjects of gen­eral education: Science, Humanities and Arts. The specialization begins at the third and the fourth years, named the junior and the senior year respectively. After the fourth year at college, students get a Bachelor’s degree. Graduates may specialize further and do research. They get a Master’s Degree.

№3. Give the English equivalents of the following words and word combina­tions:

федеральный стандарт образования; учебные и образователь­ные программы; универсальные требования; начальная школа; средняя школа; считается более престижным; самый известный; довольно дорогое; первый курс; второй курс; третий курс; четвер­тый курс; общеобразовательные предметы; специализация; сте­пень бакалавра; степень магистра

№4. Agree or disagree:

1. The system of education in the USA works according to the national standard.

2. Admission to elementary and high schools is free.

3. State universities are more prestigious than private ones.

4. The course in a typical American university lasts five or six years.

5. Sophomore is the second year in a university.

6. The specialization begins at the first year of studies in a university.

№5. Fill in the blanks using the suffixes that correspond to the words given.

1. The … begins at the third and the fourth years.	SPECIALIZE
2. In most states attending school is … for children between six and seventeen.	OBLIGATE
3. Private … is considered more prestigious.	EDUCATE
4. Students at junior high school take different lessons from different … who are specialists in their subjects.	TEACH
5. Students study other subjects, such as history and geography and are given a chance to do … activities and sports.	CREATE

№6. Answer the questions:

1. Who is responsible for organizing the educational system?

2. What stages is formal education divided into?

3. What stages of formal education are compulsory?

4. In what types of schools can children get general education?

5. In what types of educational institutions can people get vocational education?

6. In what types of educational institutions can people get higher education?

 

№7. Read and translate the proverbs and sayings.

1. Learning is the eye of the mind.

2. A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.

3. Men learn while they teach.

4. If all good people were clever and all clever people were good, the world would be nicer than ever.

№8. Read the poem, write out 10 nouns and define them:

The brain is wider than the sky,

For, put them side by side,
The one the other will contain
With ease, and you beside.

The Brain is deeper than the sea,
For, hold them blue to blue,
The one the other will absorb
As sponges – buckets – do.

The brain is just the weight of God,
For, heft them pound for pound,
And they will differ, if they do,
As Syllable from Sound.

Emily Dickinson

Lesson 6

Possessive Case

№1. Study the material:

Форму притяжательного падежа обычно имеют одушевленные существительные, обозначающие живое существо, которому принадлежит какой-нибудь предмет, качество или признак. Она образуется при помощи окончания -s, перед которым стоит апостроф: the girl девочка — the girl’s bag сумка девочки.

Примеры образования притяжательного падежа
№	Правило	Пример
1	Если существительное оканчивается на -s, то возможны два варианта	Dickens′ novels = Dickens′s novels романы Диккенса
2	Если существительное во множественном числе оканчивается на -s, то притяжательный падеж образуется путем добавления апострофа	workers′ caps кепки рабочих, cats′ paws  лапы кошек, nurses′ toys игрушки нянек
3	Существительные, не имеющие во множественном числе окончания -s, в притяжательном падеже приобретают окончание -s, перед которым стоит апостроф	children′s toys детские игрушки, men′s coats мужские пальто women′s umbrellas женские зонты
4	Если предмет или признак принадлежит нескольким лицам, то апостроф и окончание -s ставятся после последнего из них, если же каждому в отдельности, то после каждого	Ilf and Petrov′s novel роман Ильфа и Петрова (т. е. роман, написанный ими совместно), Shelly′s and Byron′s poems стихи Шелли и Байрона (т. е. написанные ими в отдельности)
5	В сложных существительных апостроф и окончание -s ставят после последнего элемента	the teacher of art′s room комната учителя искусства, the sister-in-law′s bag сумка невестки
6	Неодушевленные существительные обычно не имеют притяжательного падежа	the roof of this house крыша этого дома

Среди неодушевленных существительных есть исключения, которые можно поставить в форму притяжательного падежа через ’s:

• Существительные, обозначающие время и расстояние: today’s newspaper, a mile’s distance

• Названия стран и городов: Germany’s industry, New York’s streets

• Названия газет и организаций: the Guardian’s article, Red Cross’s volunteers

• Слова nation, country, city, town: country’s treasures

• Слова ship, car, boat: ship’s name, car’s speed

• Слова nature, water, ocean: ocean’s temperature, nature’s beauty

• Названия месяцев и времени года: January’s frosts, summer’s days

• Названия планет: Saturn’s rings

• Некоторые устойчивые выражения: at death’s door, at arm’s length, a hair’s breadth, at a snail’s pace и другие.

• какое-либо место (магазин, дом, мастерская и т.д.): at the grocer’s, at the buther’s, at the dentist’s

№2. Translate into Russian:

a man’s bag, a girl’s doll, the women’s right, the actress’s voice, James’ room, fox’s tricks, boy’s games, students’ songs, Eugene’s works, Marx’ letters.

№3. Rewrite the sentences, using Possessive Case. Translate them:

Example: This car belongs to Sam. – This is Sam’s car. - Это машина Сэма.

1. This notebook belongs to Kate.

2. These suitcases belong to our friends.

3. This bedroom belongs to my daughter.

4. These keys belong to Dan.

5. This picture belongs to Picasso.

6. These poems belong to Lermontov.

7. This airplane belongs to our boss.

8. These textbooks belong to the students.

№4. Write what ‘s mean: possessive case or to be:

Example: Helen is George’s wife. - ‘s - Possessive case.

Ann’s a wonderful friend. - ‘s – to be

1. Lena’s day was very hard.

2. Sam’s a doctor.

3. My son’s girlfriend speaks two foreign languages.

4. He’s a talented tennis-player.

5. It’s warm today.

6. Sveta’s uncle has lost his keys.

№5. Read the text and identify the family ties of the characters using the possessive case: George and Mary are married. They have 2 children: John and Laura. Mary has a sister, Kelly. George has a brother, Rob.

            George is Mary’s husband.

1. Mary is ______ wife.

2. George is __________ father.

3. Mary is _________ mother.

4. John is __________ son.

5. Laura is _______ daughter.

6. John is __________ brother.

7. Laura is _________ sister.

8. Kelly is _________ aunt.

9. Rob is __________ uncle.

10. John is __________ nephew.

11. Laura is _________ niece.

№6. Translate using Possessive Case:

Example: отец Кэрол – Carol’s father

1. учебник Петра

2. фамилия учителя

3. машина Фрэнка

4. тетрадь Антона

5. закон Ньютона

6. парта Никиты и Славы

7. словари Сюзанны

8. минутная стрелка

9. сумки наших гостей

10. учитель их детей

№7. Write the phrase using Possessive Case:

1. The ball of the pupil. 2. The skateboard of that student. 3. The songs of the children. 4. The car of my parents. 5. The answers of the students. 6. The questions of my son. 7. The wife of my friend. 8. The table of our teacher. 9. The poems of Pushkin. 10. The voice of this girl. 11. The new club of the workers. 12. The letter of Pete. 13. The car of my parents. 14. The life of this woman. 15. This bike belongs to Polly. 16. The flat of my sister is large. 17. The children of my brother are at home. 18. The room of the boys is large. 19. The tools of the workers. 20. The work of these students is interesting. 21. The computer of my son is modern. 22. He was a friend of my cousin.

№8. Choose Is, Has or Possession (P):

Example: Carol’s father – P; Carol’s a cat – Has; Carol’s tall - Is

1. Mike’s book is interesting. -

2. John’s got Marylin’s pen. -

3. My sister’s boyfriend’s car’s red. -

4. Frank’s apple’s got a worm in it. -

5. She’s got my dad’s bottle and it’s green. -

6. Did you see my brother’s toys? -

7. The cook’s in the kitchen. -

8. Your uncle’s boat’s blue. -

9. What’s your dad’s name? -

10. When will our aunt’s car be ready? -

Lesson 7

Vocational Education in Russia

№1. Read the text, write out 10 nouns with suffixes and translate them:

Vocational education in Russia provides an option for students who prefer practical training over the traditional academic route. After completing basic general education, students can choose to study specific skills that are directly applicable to various trades and professions instead of further advancing to secondary general education. They also have the option to choose a few years later, after they complete their secondary general education, to decide whether to go onto higher education or pursue vocational training.

Key aspects of vocational education in Russia include:

• Types of Institutions: Vocational education is provided by colleges (technikum) and vocational schools (uchilishche). These institutions offer programs that range from 2 to 4 years, depending on the field of study and the level of education completed by the student prior to enrollment.

• Curriculum: The curriculum in vocational schools is a blend of theoretical knowledge and hands-on training. Students spend a significant portion of their time working in workshops, laboratories, or real-world environments related to their field of study. Common areas of focus include technical trades (e.g., mechanics, electricians), service industries (e.g., hospitality, tourism), healthcare, and information technology.

• Certification: Upon completion of their vocational education, students receive a diploma or certificate that qualifies them for employment in their chosen field. These qualifications are recognized across Russia and are often highly valued by employers looking for skilled workers.

• Employment Opportunities: Graduates of vocational schools are well-prepared to enter the workforce immediately. Many programs are designed in collaboration with industry partners, ensuring that the skills taught are aligned with current market needs. This practical focus allows graduates to secure jobs more easily compared to their peers who follow a purely academic route.

• Transition to Higher Education: For students who wish to continue their studies, some vocational schools offer pathways to higher education. Graduates can enroll in universities or technical institutes, often receiving credit for the coursework completed during their vocational training.

Vocational education in Russia plays a vital role in the country's economy by providing a skilled workforce ready to meet the demands of various industries. It offers an alternative to the traditional academic path, giving students the opportunity to pursue rewarding careers in a shorter time frame.

№2. Answer the questions:

1. What types of educational institutions provide vocational education in Russia?

2. How long do vocational education programs typically last in Russia?

3. What combination of elements does the curriculum in Russian vocational schools consist of?

4. What kind of certification do students receive upon completing their vocational education?

5. Can graduates of vocational schools in Russia transition to higher education if they want to continue studying?

№3. Complete the sentences using words from the text and translate them:

1. In Russia, … education provides an option for students who prefer practical training.

2. There are two main types of institutions offering vocational education: … and … .

3. A typical program in these institutions ranges from … to … years.

4. The curriculum combines both … and …. training.

5. Upon finishing their studies, students obtain a …, which qualifies them for employment.

№4. Determine whether each statement below is true (T) or false (F):

1. Vocational education in Russia only accepts students right after basic general education.

2. All vocational school programs take exactly 4 years to complete.

3. Employers value diplomas and certificates issued by vocational schools.

4. Most vocational programs collaborate closely with industry partners.

5. Students cannot move into higher education after graduating from a vocational institution.

№5. Match the terms on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right:

1. curriculum	a) a place where students are educated when they are between 15 and 18 years old, or after they have finished school
2. education	b) the ability to do an activity or job well, especially because you have practiced it
3. college	c) to pass exams so that you are able to do a job
4. knowledge	d) a person who has finished their school, college or university education
5. skill	e) the process of teaching and learning in a school or college, or the knowledge that you get from this
6. qualify	f) information and understanding that you have in your mind
7. graduate	g) all the subjects taught in a school, college, etc or on an educational course

№6. Write out 10 singular-plural nouns from the text and translate them:

certificate – certificates (аттестаты)

№7. Choose uncountable noun in each line and translate them:

1) school, education, exam, student

2) knowledge, year, activity, profession

3) subject, skill, time, career

4) aspect, college, employer, collaboration

5) area, employment, workshop, peer

Lesson 8

Word formation (nouns)

№1. Образуйте от данных слов существительные при помощи суффиксов и префиксов. Переведите слова:

Electric, responsible, dependent, friend, to enjoy, to rely, to appoint, to drive

№2. Образуйте от данных слов существительные с помощью суффикса -hood, -dom. Переведите слова:

Child, free, man, brother, king, mother, neighbour, wise

№3. Переведите слова, подчеркните в них суффиксы и префиксы:

Untrue, prehistoric, ultramodern, ex-champion, de­compose, decode, deform, depart, discover, disappearance, reread, re­construct, coauthor, unequal, misunderstand, cooperation, co-existence, interaction, superhuman, ultra-violet.

№4. Определите часть речи у следующих слов. Переведите слова:

Achievement - achieve, resistance - resistant, assistance - assist - assistant, difference - different, city - citizen, na­tion - national - nationality, measure - measurement, develop - develop­ment, act - active - action - activity, contain - container, discover - discovery - dis­coverer, graduate - graduation - undergraduate - post-graduate, educate - education, progress - progressive, govern - governor - government.

№5. Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с по­мощью суффикса -еr или -or. Переведите слова:

To lead, to write, to read, to visit, to speak, to act, to direct, to conduct, to fight, to mine, to report, to sing, to skate, to swim, to teach, to travel, to sail, to invent, to found, to compose.

№6. Образуйте от слов существительные с помощью суффикса -ist, -ism, -ian. Переведите слова:

Special, human, Brazil, art, capital, Egypt, economy, Italy, social, physics, international, piano, hero, technic, ma­thematics, statistics, Russia, politics, music, In­dia.

№7. Образуйте от глаголов существительные с помощью суффикса -ment. Переведите слова:

Develop, achieve, move, arrange, state, improve, agree, govern, equip, require, announce, pave, argue, advertise, invest.

№8. Образуйте составные существительные, переведите слова:

black, cut, hair, board, swimming, place, fire, pool, basket, mate, group, ball, home, shelf book, work, high, book, note, way.

№9. Read and translate the text. Find the nouns with suffixes (9 words):

In Russia, vocational education helps students learn useful skills for different jobs. It's perfect for teenagers who don't want just books but real work experience too.

After finishing high school, students can join special schools called colleges or vocational schools. There they study things like fixing cars, cooking food, building houses, cutting hair, taking care of patients, and much more. These classes teach you important skills so you're ready to find a good job soon after graduation.

Most courses last 2-4 years. During this time, students not only sit in classrooms but also practice what they've learned in real life - like working in factories, hospitals, restaurants, or shops. When they finish their studies, they get official documents showing they're trained professionals.

Many companies love hiring graduates from these schools because they already know how to do their jobs properly. Also, it's possible to keep studying later if someone wants to go to university or get even better at their profession.

So, vocational education makes sure young Russians can find interesting and helpful jobs early in life.

Lesson 9

Education in our life

№1. Translate the words:

college, vocational education, teacher, grouptutor, monitor, student, full-time, part-time /correspondence, department, specialty, course, session, timetable/curriculum, period /double-lesson / double-class, break, register, subject, lecture, seminar, exam, credit test, scholarship, workshop, hostel, canteen

№2. Read and translate the text:

My name is Dan. I study at the Krasnobakovskiy College. I am a full-time student. I am in my second year now.

There is full-time department in our college. Last year there was also part-time department. The academic session lasts 10 months. Our college trains specialists in many branches of knowledge. There are four specialty in the college: “Forest and park management”, “Tourism and hospitality”, “Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles”, and “Information systems and programming”. Our college is very cosy and spacious. There is a large and light hall, a sport gym, a training room with sport heavy equipment on the ground floor. Many subject classrooms and the rich library are situated on the second floor. All the rooms of our college have modern equipment: laptops, computers, multimedia projectors and interactive boards. Not far from the college it is a hostel. It is a very comfortable and cosy four-stored building for the students. Opposite the college it is a club and a canteen. During the lunch-break we go there to have dinner.

Our periods begin at 8¹⁵ and they are over at 15⁵⁰. Our period lasts 90 minutes. As a rule, we have three or four periods every day. We study many subjects at the college. We attend lectures, seminars and have practice. Every Monday we have Conversation About Important Things, and on Thursdays we have a Class meeting with our grouptutor. Some students who have only good and excellent marks get a scholarship. We go to college five days a week. Saturday and Sunday are our days off.

Our group consists of 25 students, including our monitor. Some our groupmates live in our hostel. As a rule, almost every student of our group comes to the college before the bell rings. So we can have a chat with each other. We usually have a lot of things to talk about. After periods, everybody goes home to do homework. There are many different clubs and societies at our college. I attend a sport club and a dance club.

At the end of each semester, we have tests, credit tests or exams. When we have passed all the tests we start to prepare for the exams. After the exams a vacation comes.

Now I can’t say that college life is a fascinating, fantastic experience. For the moment I can compare it only with a daily routine.

№3. Answer the questions:

1. Where do you study?

2. What specialty do you study?

3. Are you a part-time or a full-time student?

4. What year are you in now?

5. How many students are there in your group?

6. When do your periods start?

7. When do your periods finish?

8. What is your favourite subject?

9. Do you always attend your lectures?

10. Do you get a scholarship?

11. How often do you have exams and credit tests?

12. Do any of your friends live in a hostel?

№4. Translate the following expressions.

To study at the college, to attend periods, to get a scholarship, to fail at the exam, a part-time student, to take part in social activities, to be at the top of the group, to get excellent marks, sophomore, free of charge, to live in a hostel, groupmate, to miss periods, educational institution, to do well in a subject, to study individually, to get ready for exams, a first-year student, semester, academic session.

№5. Translate the following expressions.

Староста, колледж, среднее профессиональное образование, давать хорошие знания по предмету, физическая культура, изучать английский язык, расписание учебных занятий, сдавать академическую сессию, проводить занятия два раза в неделю, сдать экзамены, хорошо успевать по предмету, выполнять домашнее задание, коллективная работа на занятии, быть студентом-первокурсником, принимать участие в общественной деятельности, усовершенствовать знания языка.

№6. Insert the prepositions where it is necessary.

1. I study…the сollege. 2. Our college gives profound knowledge… all spheres…life. 3. I try to get good marks…  all subjects. 4. This educational institution is famous… its graduates. 5.  The students…my group always prepare well…the periods. 6.  Citizens… Russia have the right…education. 7. Russian children begin to attend school… the age… six. 8. Entrance examinations…the college are held… July. 9. I study…the part-time department. 10. … the end … each semester we have test.

№7. Translate the following sentences.

1. Я студент первого курса колледжа.2. Я учусь на механика по очной форме обучения. 3. Я стараюсь получать хорошие оценки и много времени уделяю подготовке домашнего задания. 4. Наш колледж основан в декабре 1947 году. 5. Наши преподаватели дают глубокие знания по всем предметам учебной программы. 6. Со 2 курса у студентов начинаются практические занятия в мастерских колледжа.  7. Прилежные студенты нашего колледжа получают стипендию. 8. Я очень люблю читать, и мой любимый предмет – литература. 9. Я часто посещаю библиотеку. 10. В читальном зале есть справочная литература для подготовки к занятиям.

№8. Put the questions to the following sentences.

1) I passed my exams well. (Who? How? )

2) I go to my college on foot. (Who? How? Where?)

3) We have four periods a day. (How many?)

4) Our periods begin at 8 a.m. (When?)

5) I work hard. (Who? How? )

6) He does well at the college. (How?)

№9. Give the short affirmative answer (+): Yes, it is

1) Has our college full-time and part-time departments?

2) Do our studies begin at 9 o’clock?

3) Do we usually have 5 periods a day?

4) Is he a student?

5) Are Saturday and Sunday our days off?

№10. Give the short negative answer (-): No, it is not

1) Is there a small reading-hall in our college?

2) Have our labs old equipment?

3) Will the academic session end in May?

4) Do our students go to school?

5) Does our grouptutor read books in the Class meetings?

№11. Guess the subject.

1. We do sums, our task is very difficult but interesting, we count numbers, we learn to add, divide, multiply and subtract.

2. We read, translate, learn dialogues, make up dialogues and know about the traditions and customs of Britain.

3. We do grammar exercises, we learn our native language.

4. It is our favourite subject. It is important subject in our department. We learn new and interesting things about substances.

5. It is very interesting subject. It retells us about past events of our country.

6. It is very important and necessary subject for modern specialists. We learn to work on the computer.

7. We read the classic books, retell and analyze them. We write reports about the biography of great writers.

8. It is important to know this subject for future specialists. We learn important laws of nature, motion, power, electrical phenomena and many interesting things.

Lesson 10

Pronouns

№1. Study the material:

«A pronoun» или местоимение — часть речи, которая указывает на предметы, количества или признаки, при этом не называя их. Как и в русском, местоимения в английском языке могут выступать в роли подлежащего, сказуемого или одного из второстепенных членов предложения.

Виды местоимений в английском языке почти совпадают с русским. Всего в английском 7 групп местоимений:

Личные (Personal Pronouns) 

Притяжательные (Possessive Pronouns)

Возвратные (Reflexive Pronouns) 

Указательные (Demonstrative Pronouns) 

Вопросительные (Interrogative Pronouns)

Отрицательные (Negative pronouns)

Неопределенные (Indefinite Pronouns)

Личные			Притяжательные				Возвратные
Именительный падеж	Объектный падеж		Основная форма		Абсолютная форма
кто? что?	кого? чего? кому? чему?		чей? чья? чьё? чьи?		чей? чья? чьё? чьи?
I – я	me – меня, мне		my – мой		mine – мой		myself – сам
we – мы	us – нас, нам		our – наш		ours – наш		ourselves –сами
you – ты, вы	you – тебя, тебе, вас, вам		your – твой, ваш		yours – твой, ваш		yourselves – сам, сами
he – он	him – ему, его		his – его		his – его		himself – сам
she – она	her – ей, её		her – её		hers – её		herself – сама
it – он, она, оно	it – ему, ей, его, её		its – его, её		its – его, её		itself – сам, сама
they – они	them – им, их		their – их		theirs – их		themselves – сами
Неопределённые местоимения
Повествовательное предложение		Вопросительное предложение				Отрицательное предложение
some		any				no или not any
somebody, someone кто-нибудь, кто-либо		anybody, anyone кто-нибудь, кто-либо				nobody, no one / none никто
something что-нибудь, что-либо		anything что-нибудь, что-либо				nothing ничего
somewhere - где-нибудь		anywhere - где-нибудь				nowhere - нигде
somehow - как-нибудь		anyhow - как-нибудь				-
Указательные местоимения
Единственное число				Множественное число
this – этот, эта, это				these – эти
that – тот, та, то				those – те
such – такой, подобный				such – такие, подобные
the same – тот же самый				the same – те же самые
it – это				it – это
Вопросительные местоимения
who				кто? кого?
whom				кого? кому?
what				что? какой?
which				который?
whose				чей?
when				когда?
why				почему? зачем?

№2. Распределите существительные в таблицу

Kate, my parents, auntie, Jacob, car, sister, cousins, two chairs, chair, the Queen, Ann, brother, uncle, Bill, cat, table, my father, my house, cars, balls.

He	She	It	They

№3. Добавьте в предложения he, she, it, we, or they

1. Molly is very nice. _____'s my best friend.

2. Molly and I aren't English. ______'re from Sydney.

3. Greg is my brother. ______'s 25 years old.

4. Greg and Alison are married. _______'ve got two children.

5. Emily is 22 years old. ______'s a nurse in

№4. Впишите соответствующее местоимение he, she or they.

1. This is Maria. _____ is having lunch in the canteen.

2. Look at the children! _____ are playing football in the snow!

3. Vanya is my friend. ______ is riding a bike now.

4. Look at Pavel's parents. _________ are reading a book.

5. Lisa is Pavel's friend. Listen! ______ is singing!

№5. Заполните предложения соответствующими местоимениями:

1. I’m Pearl and this is………… garden.

2. My mother’s Jenny and this is…………….. hat.

3. They are Rogers and Adam and this is ……… bedroom.

4. He is Lewis and this is ……………..living room.

5. We are Betty and Barbara and this is …. favourite book. …..title is Twilight.

6. She is Rachel and this is …………….sister.

7. These are my teachers. ……………………… names are Paul and Rita.

8. This is my brother. ………………. name is Peter. He is a student in Hungary.

№6. Допишите возвратные местоимения

1. My little sister can dress _______________.

2. I wash my clothes ___________________.

3. We repaired the computer ____________.

4. My uncle shaves __________ every morning.

5. I don’t like to talk about _______________.

6. My sister lives by ____________________.

7. Sarah looks at ___________ in the mirror for hours.

8. We hurt ____________ in the accident.

№7. Заполните пропуски местоимениями this, that, these, those.

1. _________ people over there are waiting for the bus.

2. ______ summer I'm pretty busy.

3. I'm working as a receptionist _______days.

4. _______ were the days!

5. Do you remember _______ winter when we all went to Egypt?

6. Hello!__________ is Alan. Can I speak to Harry, please?

7. Will you come over at five o'clock? I'll be at home at _________ time.

8. _________ are my sisters. They have just arrived from London.

№8. Переведите предложения на английский:

1 . Она ничего не сказала.
2 . Он посмотрел на нее с удивлением.
3 . Она не захотела пойти с ним.
4 . Я попросил его налить немного молока.
5 . Когда ему было 3 года, он мог сам одеваться.
6 . Простите, но у меня нет времени.
7 . Какая красивая картина! Она твоя?
8 . Возьми свою чашку. Эта чашка — моя.
9 . Его мнение отличается от моего.
10 . Сегодня вечером придет кто-нибудь?

№9. Write in plural:

1. This gallery –

2. That castle –

3. This fortress –

4. This zoo –

5. That church –

6. That theatre –

№10. Fill the table:

castle, churches, avenues, circus, exhibitions, palace, statue, galleries, museum, temples, zoo, towers, squares, theatre, restaurant, parks, monuments, libraries, fortress, cathedral

this / that	these / those