Глагол to be в Present Simple, Past Simple и Future Simple
1. Present Simple (Настоящее простое время)
Глагол to be в Present Simple имеет три формы:
am — используется с местоимением I
is — используется с местоимениями he, she, it или с единственным числом (например, a cat)
are — используется с местоимениями we, you, they или с множественным числом
Структура предложения:
Утвердительное:
I am a teacher.
She is happy.
They are friends.
Отрицательное:
I am not tired.
He is not (isn’t) at home.
We are not (aren’t) late.
Вопросительное:
Am I right?
Is he your brother?
Are they ready?
2. Past Simple (Прошедшее простое время)
Глагол to be в Past Simple имеет две формы:
was — для I, he, she, it
were — для you, we, they
Структура предложения:
Утвердительное:
I was at school yesterday.
She was happy last week.
They were at the park.
Отрицательное:
I was not (wasn’t) late.
He was not (wasn’t) tired.
We were not (weren’t) at home.
Вопросительное:
Was he your teacher?
Were they at the party?
Was I wrong?
3. Future Simple (Будущее простое время)
Для образования Future Simple с глаголом to be используется вспомогательный глагол will + форма be (не изменяется).
Структура предложения:
Утвердительное:
I will be there tomorrow.
She will be happy.
They will be ready.
Отрицательное:
I will not be (won’t be) late.
He will not be (won’t be) at home.
We will not be (won’t be) tired.
Вопросительное:
Will you be at the meeting?
Will she be here?
Will they be happy?
В настоящем времени глагол меняется по лицам и числам, а в прошедшем — по числам (единственное/множественное). В будущем — форма постоянна для всех.
Для отрицаний и вопросов в Present и Past Simple глагол to be не требует вспомогательных глаголов — достаточно переставить или добавить частицы (not, isn’t, wasn’t, weren’t).
Используйте таблицы и повторяйте вслух:
Лицо/число | Present | Past | Future |
I | am | was | will be |
He/She/It | is | was | will be |
You/We/They | are | were | will be |
Упражнения
Упражнение 1: Заполните пропуски глаголом to be в Present Simple
I ___ a student.
She ___ my friend.
They ___ at school.
We ___ not tired.
___ he your brother?
Упражнение 2: Заполните пропуски глаголом to be в Past Simple
I ___ at home yesterday.
He ___ happy last week.
They ___ not at the party.
___ you at the cinema?
She ___ not tired.
Упражнение 3: Заполните пропуски глаголом to be в Future Simple
I ___ there tomorrow.
She ___ ready soon.
They ___ at the meeting.
We ___ not late.
___ he here next week?
Ответы
Упражнение 1: am, is, are, are, Is
Упражнение 2: was, was, were, Were, was
Упражнение 3: will be, will be, will be, will not be, Will
Упражнение 4. Вставьте правильную форму глагола to be в Present Simple
I ___ a pupil.
She ___ my sister.
They ___ friends.
We ___ not at school today.
___ he your teacher?
Упражнение 5. Вставьте правильную форму глагола to be в Past Simple
Yesterday, I ___ at home.
He ___ very happy last week.
They ___ not at the park yesterday.
___ you at the party on Saturday?
She ___ tired after the game.
Упражнение 6. Вставьте правильную форму глагола to be в Future Simple
Tomorrow, I ___ at the zoo.
She ___ ready for the test.
They ___ at the concert next week.
We ___ not late for the lesson.
___ you at the meeting tomorrow?
Упражнение 7. Преобразуйте предложения в отрицательную форму (Present Simple)
He is a doctor. → He _______________.
We are at home. → We _______________.
I am happy. → I _______________.
Упражнение 8. Составьте вопросы с глаголом to be в Past Simple
Пример:
Она была в школе? → Was she at school?
Ты был дома?
Они были на уроке?
Он был у друга?
Упражнение 9. Заполните пропуски, используя глагол to be в нужной форме (Present, Past или Future Simple)
I ___ (am/was/will be) very busy now.
Yesterday, she ___ (is/was/will be) at the library.
Tomorrow, they ___ (are/were/will be) in the park.
We ___ (are/were/will be) not tired yesterday.
___ (Are/Was/Will) he your friend?