Методическая разработка "Питомцы"

Назва тексту: “Reptiles.”

Reptiles include such animals as lizards, snakes, crocodiles and tortoises.

It is unfortunate that so many people are either afraid of rep­tiles or are repulsed by them, for within this group are some of the most interesting of vertebrates. It is true, however, that some reptiles are dangerous, but most of them do more good that harm.

Reptiles occupy a place in the middle of the vertebrate group with respect to the number of species. There are approximately 6000 known species of reptiles. Millions of years ago, however, reptiles were the dominant form of animal life in the sea, on land, and even in the air.

Лексика для пояснення: lizard — ящірка

unfortunate — нещасливий

repulse — відштовхувати

vertebrates — хребетний

harm шкода, зло

Завдання:

1. Change the following statements to questions:

1. It is unfortunate that so many people are either afraid of reptiles or are repulsed by them.

2. It is true that some reptiles are dangerous.

1. Match the words with opposite meanings:

1. life a) little

2. good b) fortunate

3. many c) false

4. true d) death

5. unfortunate e) bad

1. Answer the following questions about the text:

1. Are lizards, snakes, crocodiles and tortoises reptiles?

2. Are some reptiles dangerous?

3. How many species of reptiles are there in the world?

4. Reptiles occupy a place in the middle of the vertebrate group, don’t they?

Назва тексту: “Honey Bees.”

There are many kinds of wild bees, some of which are solitary while others, such as honey bees, are social and form communi­ties. A hive of bees is a highly organized society of insects all working for common good. In this society there are three kinds of individuals. In each hive there are many thousands of worker bees and two or three hundred drones, but only one queen bee. It makes from fifty to eighty thousand bees in a hive. The develop­ment from egg to perfect insect takes about three weeks in all. In summer the worker bee lives for about five weeks more before dying of overwork. When its wings are worn out and it is no longer of any use to the hive, it usually flies away to die.

Лексика для пояснення: hive — вулик

solitary — одинокі

drone — трутень

Завдання:

I. Match each sentence part in column I with its correct comple­tion in column 2 (according to the text).

Column I Column II

There are many kinds of . a) insects

1. A hive of bees is a highly organized society of b) overwork

2. In each hive there are many c) worker

thousands of bees.

1. In summer the worker bee lives for about d) wild bees

five weeks more before dying of .

1. Change the following statements to general questions:

1. There are many kinds of wild bees.

2. There are two or there hundred drones in a hive.

3. The development from egg to perfect insect takes about three weeks in all.

4. It usually flies away to die.

1. Guess what it is. A male honey-bee.

2. Retell the text using the following words: wild bees, a hive, worker bees, to take about, to live for about, to fly away. Draw a worker bee.

Назва тексту: “The Beaver.”

The beaver represents the importance of the fur trade in the early history of Canada. The early explorers, although disap­pointed that they did not find the riches of China in the New World, did notice the great numbers of forest animals and other natural resources. The beaver fur hat was the fashion in Europe between 1600-1700. France soon realized that Canada or New France as it was called then, could provide great riches in furs. England recognized this as well when it set up the Hudson’s Bay Company to trade for furs.

Beaver furs made many of the early settlers very rich. They created a new coin that was worth one beaver pelt. The beaver appeared on badges, medals and stamps. Before the start of the fur trade there were more than 6 million beavers in Canada. By the middle of the 19th century they were almost extinct! During the peak of the fur trade over 100,000 beaver pelts were shipped to Europe each year.

The future of the beaver was saved only because fashion changed. Silk hats were now popular and so they stopped trap­ping the beavers!

On March 24, 1975, the beaver officially became an emblem of Canada.

Лексика для пояснення: fur — хутро

trade — торгівля

explore — досліджувати

to provide — забезпечувати

Завдання:

1. Listen to the story and complete each sentence:

1. The beaver represents the importance of the .

2. The beaver for hat was the .

3. The beaver appeared on

4. There were more than .

1. The future of the beaver was saved only because .

1. Ask and answer 4 questions (general, special, alternative and disjunctive) on the text.

2. Retell the text using the following key-words: the beaver, to represent, fur trade, to notice, the great numbers, the fashion, to create, a coin, to appear, to ship, to trap, an emblem.

Назва тексту: “Science Stalks the Domestic Cat.”

The domestic cat and the large wild cats belong to the same family of animals, Felidae.

The tiger is the largest cat, with males averaging about 190 kilograms. Most domestic cats weigh only from 3 to 7 kilograms.

But all members of the cat family have long, muscular bod­ies and short, strong jaws with 30 sharp teeth for grasping and shredding prey. The domestic cat is most closely related to Felis libica, its wild ancestor. Felis libica still exists in Africa, but the solitary animal is rarely seen.

Like their wild ancestor, domestic cats are physically adapted for hunting small prey. Although their vision is not especially keen, they see well in dim light and readily perceive motion. Their padded feet and flexible muscles allow them to silently stalk prey or give chase by running about 48 kilometers per hour.

Biologists have been a little more successful in understand­ing how cars purr. Purring appears to be a sign of contentment, yet even cats that are ill and in discomfort may purr. Cat’s own­ers recognize that purring occurs when cats are around people, but the presence of people is hot essential for purring. But cats do not purr while they are sleeping.

Лексика для пояснення: to stalk — вистежувати

jaw — щелепа

prey — здобич

to purr — муркотати

1. If you have a cat, write 8-10 sentences about it.

2. Reproduce the dialogue (виділені слова доповнюють учні).

• What is the largest representative of the cat family?

• I think the tiger is.

• What is the weight of the tiger?

• It’s about 190 kilograms.

• Do you know the weight of the cat?

• Yes, I do. It’s about 3-7 kilograms.

• What can you say about cat’s family?

• I know that all members of the cat family have long, muscu­lar bodies, strong jaws, padded feet and can run very quickly.

• How can they purr?

• Purring appears to be a sign of contentment, but they do not purr while they are sleeping.

1. Learn the dialogue by heart.

Назва тексту: “The Piranha South America’s Tiny Killer Fish.”

The piranha lives in the fresh waters in the Amazon and other South American rivers. Though only 25 cm long, these fish bite like sharks. Fishermen have lost their fingers or toes from piranha bites. According to one story, a pig accidentally fell into a river inhabited by these fish and was completely eaten in just four minutes.

But if these Fish are so dangerous, why is it that many local people do not seem afraid of the piranha? Children play in pira­nha-infested waters, and women, wash clothes apparently with­out fear. Perhaps the answer is that piranhas are not always dangerous. Local people know when they will attack and when they will not.

Scientists studying the behavior of piranhas say that envi­ronmental conditions are important. For example, in the Ama­zon delta, when the tide comes in and the water is deep, pira­nhas do not attack, but when it goes out and the water is shal­low, they become dangerous.

Лексика для пояснення: piranha — піранія

to bite (bit, bitten) — кусати

shark — акула

infest — кишіти'

fear—страх

behavior — поведінка .

shallow — неглибокий

Завдання: Listen to the story and do the following tasks:

1. Are the following statements true or talse?

1. Piranhas attack animals but not people.

2. Piranhas live in rivers and oceans.

3. Piranhas are small, but dangerous.

4. Piranhas are not always dangerous.

1. Prove that:

• piranhas are dangerous.

• local people' are not afraid of piranhas.

1. Complete each sentence:

1. The piranhas live in the .

2. The piranhas are not always .

3. Local people know when they .

Назва тексту: “A Living National-Emblem”.

Sometimes you can see a living national emblem. One of such “emblems” is the kiwi, a very unusual bird found only in some parts of New Zealand. It has no tail, almost no wings, and its nostrils are situated near the end of its bill which is used to find food. The kiwi lives in thick forests and prefers to spend its time in the dark. Although the kiwi weighs only a little over two kilogrammes, it has a very good appetite. It can eat as many as three hundred worms a day which are its main food. The female kiwi lays only one egg, but it is a very large egg: it is about one fifth of her own weight. After laying it, she loses all interest and leaves her husband to hatch the egg out. This takes seventy-five days and by the time the chick is hatched father kiwi has usually lost one-third of his normal weight. In some English speaking countries New Zealanders are known as kiwis, because the bird is also the symbol of the people of New Zealand.

Лексика для пояснення: nostril — ніздря

female — самиця

to hatch out — висиджувати

Завдання:

1. Are the following statements true or false:

1. The kiwi lives in thick forests.

2. It has a very good appetite.

3. The female kiwi lays only one egg.

4. The kiwi weighs only a little over 3 kilogrammes.

5. It can eat as many as eight hundred worms a day.

1. Fill in the table:

Назва тексту. “Insectivora, moles, shrews and hedgehogs”.

Insectivora moles, shrews and hedgehogs are small mam­mals belonging to the order Insectivora. They are mainly noc­turnal, with long snouts bearing sensitive hairs which respond to touch, and tweezer-like (incisor) teeth. Their diet is mainly insects although other food is taken and they are quite a primi­tive group which seem to have changed very little since their emergence in the Cretaceous geological period about 130 mil­lion years ago.

Лексика для пояснення: insectivora — комахоїдні

shrew — землерийка

nocturnal — нічний

snout — рило

tweezer-like — зуби-різці

Завдання:

1. Listen to the text and describe insectivora, moles, shrews and hedgehogs using the following words: mammals, noc­turnal, diet, primitive group, change.

Завдання для кросворда подає вчитель. Якщо учні пра­вильно впишуть англійські назви вказаних тварин, то змо­жуть прочитати по вертикалі назву найбільшого у світі доісторичного хижака заввишки 14 метрів і вагою 7 тон.

Завдання до кросворда:

1. A fierce wild animal like a very large cat. It lives in Asia and has striped fur {Tiger).

2. A wild animal with a strange laughing call. It looks like a large dog {Hyena).

3. A large animal from Africa, with spotted skin, a long neck and long legs {Giraffe).

4. A black and white animal like a small bear {Panda).

5. A large wild animal of the cat family found in hot countries {Lion).

6. An Australian animal with strong back legs. It carries its young in a pouch on its body {Kangaroo).

7. A dangerous wild animal that looks like a large dog (Wolf).

8. A small animal with sharp teeth and a long tail (Mouse).

9. A small, furry animal often kept as a pet in houses (Cat).

10. A small grey or red animal with a bushy tail (Squirrel).

11. A large and dangerous animal that lives in or near rivers in hot countries (Crocodile).

12. A wild ox (Buffalo).

13. A small creature that has a shell on its back and moves very slow (Snail).

ABOUT OSTRICHES

An ostrich has wonderful black and white feathers on its body and tail, but no feathers on its legs. It’s difficult for an ostrich to run with feathers on its legs. Ostriches eat plant and very small insects, and they also eat small stones! Ostriches live in groups — about 5-15 in a group — but they like other animals, too. Some­times they live with zebras and gazelles. They have good eyes and ears and they tell the zebras when dangerous animals are near. Ostriches can run faster than lions. They lay their big eggs in a hole in the ground. The male (boy) sits on the eggs most of the time. An ostrich’s egg weighs about 1.75 kg.

1. Контроль розуміння.

1) Контроль розуміння основної інформації тексту без домислювань.

Т: Заповніть таблицю відповідно до змісту тексту

1. Визначення логічної послідовності дій.

Т: Передайте зміст прослуханого тексту 5-6 реченнями у логічній послідовності.

За вибором учителя та з метою розвитку навичок аудіювання та мислення можна використати на уроці розгадування кросворда.

Назва тексту: «About Badgers».

Лексика для пояснення: badger — борсук

fur — хутро

to dig — рити

paw — лапа

Завдання: Listen to the story and complete the following sen­tences:

1. . A badger is

2. . The father badger is as as

3. . They eat

4. . Badgers are very animals.

5. . When they come out from their underground homes, they

Текст №1.

A badger is a very interesting animal, but you can see him only

in the evening, when it is dark. Then the badger comes out of his

underground home to eat.

The father badger is a big animal, as big as a cat. He is cov­ered with grey fur, his legs are short and very strong, he can dig very well. His head is white with a little black fur on the top.

Badgers sleep during the day, and all winter too. In summer they come out in the dark when they want to eat. They eat berries, apples, and sometimes little birds or mice.

Badgers are very clean animals. When they come out from their underground homes, they begin to wash their faces with their front paws, then they comb their long fur with their paws. When they have done all that, the old badgers begin to play and to show their young how to catch mice or little birds.

Назва тексту: «Good or Bad?»

Лексика для пояснення:

a cure for AIDS - вакцина проти сніду

entertainment - розвага

to be frightened - лякатися

to steal - красти

Завдання: Listen to the story and put its parts in the correct se­quence; read and translate the story.

Текст розділений на п’ять частин. Кожна частина написана на окремій картці. Учні отримують картки після прослуховування тексту і працюють у парах.

Текст №2.

1. Because chimpanzees are very similar to humans, we often use them for medical experiments, for example, finding a cure for AIDS.

2. Some people use them just for entertainment or beach photog­raphy. The chimpanzees have to wear clothes and act.

3. These people do not always treat them well. Chimpanzees are funny animals to use because they often smile, however, some­times it is a nervous smile. There are often too many people or studio cameras so the chimpanzees are frightened. When they are frightened they can be aggressive so people either hit them or drug them.

1. The hunters who catch the chimpanzees in the wild are often violent. Sometimes while they are stealing a baby chimpanzee, the mother attacks them, so they shoot her. This means that her babies do not have a mother.

2. Therefore they do not always survive. Sometimes neither the mother nor babies survive. While the captured chimpanzees are travelling by boat, they often die because they need their mothers or they are ill.

Назва тексту: «The Good»

Лексика для пояснення: to stare — видивлятися

wombat — вомбат

similarity — схожість

marsupial — сумчатий

Завдання: Listen to the story and write a plan of it; retell the story according to your plan.

Текст №3.

There are many different types of kangaroo, including tree kangaroos. The biggest are the great grey kanga­roos. They are 213 centimeters tall and can run at 56 kilo­meters per hour. Some run from you then stop and stare. A common place to see a kangaroo is on a golf course. They stand and watch! Though we have put kangaroos in the «Good» category, farmers and golfers might disagree.

Wombats and koalas have many similarities and are probably related. Both have pockets inside their mouths to store food and neither has a tail. The number of koalas is getting smaller.

This is partly because of fumes from bush fires. Res­cue teams help the koalas by catching them, putting them on respirators, then returning them to their original lo­cation when they are better.

Australia also has a lot of native marsupial mice that live in the desert. Many of these only come out at night.

Назва тексту: «Dinosaurs Lived Many Years Ago»

Лексика для пояснення: to disappear — зникати

shallow — мілкий

brain — мозок

fossil — закам'янілість

Завдання: Listen to the story and say if the following statements are true or false.

1. Dinosaurs lived on the earth for 100 million years.(-)

2. The early dinosaurs walked on two feet, and they ate meat.(-t-)

3. Some of the later dinosaurs ate plants only. (+)

4. The Stegosaurus wasn’t very large. (-)

5. A change in the weather made serious problems for dinosaurs. (+)

6. The plant life and the weather didn’t change. (-)

7. People who like dinosaurs can see fossils in Dinosaur National Park.(+)

8. This park is in Utah and Colorado.

Текст №4.

Dinosaurs lived on the earth for 135 millions years. They appeared 200 million years ago, and they disap­peared 65 million years ago. They were the largest ani­mals ever to live on earth, and they ruled the earth for a very long period of time.

Dinosaurs lived in North America, in Africa, and in Europe. During this time, the land in North America was under a large, shallow sea. Many dinosaurs lived in the water, which helped to hold up their great weight. The early dinosaurs walked on two feet, and they ate meat. The later dinosaurs ate plants only.

The stegosaurus was very large. It was a plant eater,

but it was often in danger from the meat-eating dino­saurs. It developed scales along its back to protect itself.

The stegosaurus was so large that it took a long time for messages to travel from its brain to its legs. To solve this problem, it developed a «second brain» by its back legs to control its leg movements.

Why did dinosaurs die out? Nobody knows for sure. Probably a change in the weather made serious prob­lems for them. About 70 millions years ago, the Rocky Mountains formed in North America. The plant life and the weather changed.Perhaps the dinosaurs couldn’t change fast enough.

People who like dinosaurs can see fossils in Dinosaur National Park. This park is in Utah and Colorado. Fossils are bones which have become stone. Fossils have taught us a lot about these great animals of the past.

Назва тексту: «Elephant School»

Лексика для пояснення:

mercilessly — безжалісно

poacher — браконьєр

cub — маля

orphanage — притулок для сиріт

Завдання: Listen to the story and write your opinion about it.

Текст №5.

Elephants were being killed mercilessly by poachers in Sri Lanka, an island in the south of India. So, the gov­ernment decided to make a law to stop these killings.

But what about the elephant cubs that were left with­out their parents? Well, for this reason, the government of Sri Lanka decided to open an orphanage and a school for baby elephants.

The orphans are taken to the orphanage and are kept there with adult elephants to keep them company. Once they grow up, they are taken to the elephant school next door, where they are taught to parade majestically in fes­tivals and ceremonies. Maybe you could order a pair of them to parade in an elegant wedding of some you know!

Назва тексту: «Nature Watch»

Лексика для пояснення: chipmunk — бурундук

snail — слимак

bulb — цибулина

mammal — ссавець

Завдання: Listen to the story and answer the questions.

1. Who is called the ground squirrel?

2. What does chipmunk like to eat?

3. Does it live in the burrow or on the trees?

4. Is the chipmunk a mammal or an insect?

Текст №6.

Did you know? Chipmunks are called ground squir­rels, are among the smallest members of the squirrel family. In addition to seeds and nuts, they eat fruits, mush­rooms, insects, snails, bulbs of plants, birds’ eggs, and sometimes even other small mammals. Most animals have to move from place to place to find enough to eat. But chipmunks may live their whole lives no more than a hun­dred feet from where they were born because of this var­ied diet and their habit of storing food in their under­ground homes, or burrows.

Назва тексту: «Life’s No Drag for a Hamster»

Лексика для пояснення:

stock — мати у продажу

nocturnal — нічний

maze — лабіринт

life expectancy — імовірна тривалість життя

hamster — хом'як

Завдання: Listen to the story and give it a heading.

Текст №8.

Are you guilty of failing to enhance your hamster’s environment? It’s not good enough, these days, just to put them into a cage. There’s whole world out there which offers your hamster a choice of places to live.

Pet stores now stock hamster homes and circuses, parks and carnivals with hide-away-cubes, mazes and tree houses with ladders and sliders - all striving to «simulate a natural living environment». However, you should carefully con­sider your pet’s personality - as well as your own - before making a choice of one of these environments.

But whether your tiny funny friend is an extrovert or introvert, you will want to make sure it lives in a place with rounded corners (to prevent unwanted gnawing and simplify cleaning), fresh-air vents at the lowest and high­est levels (to maximise air circulation) and a sliding cover.

Hamster are very active. It is estimated that they cover the equivalent of a six-mile run every day, without which they may become inactive, sluggish and sometimes fat.

Remember, your pet hamster is a nocturnal creature which can see only about nine inches in front of its face — most of its sensing in done by touch, smell and hearing. Cared for properly, a hamster’s life expectancy is about 1,000 days.

Дуже цікавою для учнів є гра, що розвиває навички аудіювання: «Who is the best zoologist?». Суть гри поля­гає в тому, що вчитель читає опис тієї чи іншої тва­рини, а учень, який першим відгадує, отримує фішку. Перемагає і стає найкращим зоологом той, хто за гру отримає найбільше фішок. Фішки можна робити у вигляді контуру тварин. Таку гру доцільно проводити після опрацювання серії тематичних текстів з біології.

Зразки опису тварин для гри:

1. A four-legged animal related to the wolf. It is often kept as a pet. (Dog)

2. A wild animal with a long, bushy tail. (Fox)

3. An animal used for riding or pulling carts and car­riages. (Horse)

4. An Australian animal with strong back legs. It carries its young in a pouch on its body. (Kangaroo)

5. A small, furry animal. It lives in the trees in Australia and carries its young in a pouch on its body. (Koala)

6. A black and white animal like a small bear. (Panda)

7. A small grey or red animal with a bushy tail. (Squirrel)

8. A fierce wild animal like a very large cat. It lives in Asia and has striped fur. (Tiger)

9. An African animal often like a horse with stripes. (Ze­bra)

10. A small, furry animal often kept as a pet in houses. (Cat)

11. A very large reptile which lived a very long time ago. (Dinosaur)

12. A big animal with tusks and a long nose called a trunk. (Elephant)

13. A grey, black and white striped animal about the size of a small dog. It digs holes in the ground for its home. (Badger)

14. An animal like a large rabbit which can run very fast. (Hare)

15. A small animal with sharp teeth and a long tail. (Mouse)

16. A large wild animal of the cat family, found in hot countries. (Lion)

17. A quick-running, grass-eating animal with four long legs. The male has long horns or antlers which look like branches. (Deer)

18. A farm animal with a short, curly tail. (Pig)

19. A small, furry animal with a long tail. It is good at climbing trees. (Monkey)

20. An animal whose coat gives wool and its flesh mut­ton. (Sheep)